exam 1 pt 1

Question 1

what is etiology?

Answer 1

the cause of a disease

Question 2

What are the two types of etiology

Answer 2

congenital and aquired

Question 3

examples of aqiured etiology?

Answer 3

infection, chemical agent, neoplasm etc…

Question 4

what is pathogenesis?

Answer 4

the evolution of disease and the events that structurally/ functionally changes cells/ organs

Question 5

when does pathogenesis begin?

Answer 5

initial contact through to disease expression

Question 6

What is responsible for clinical manifestations?

Answer 6

pathogensis

Question 7

What is a disorder?

Answer 7

physiologic or psychologic function disruptions

Question 8

what is clinical manifestions?

Answer 8

evidence of diases that is seen in signs and symptoms

Question 9

what is sequelae

Answer 9

lesion/ impairement that is followed after a disesae or caused by a disease

Question 10

paralysis from a stroke or a scar from a burn is an example of

Answer 10

sequelae

Question 11

primary prevention?

Answer 11

remove risk factors, happens at a community level and the people are HEALTHY

Question 12

vax, folic acid and education are examples of

Answer 12

primary prevention

Question 13

seconadary prevention is?

Answer 13

finding the disease while it is still curable
-person can be asymptomatic
-they are also healthy APPEARING
-subclinical forms of disease

Question 14

mammograms to detect breast cancer, physicals and daily aspirin and excersize are examples of?

Answer 14

Secondary prevention

Question 15

what is tertiary prevention?

Answer 15

reduces further deterioration

Question 16

controlling glucose, detecting retinopathy, support groups and stroke rehab are examples of?

Answer 16

tertiary prevention

Question 17

what is in peroxisome?

Answer 17

oxidative enzymes (catalase)

Question 18

what do peroxisomes do?

Answer 18

degrade h2o2 into water and oxy
-control free radicals

Question 19

what do proteasomes do?

Answer 19

proteolysis
-target misolded and denatures

Question 20

are proteasomes membrane bound?

Answer 20

yes

Question 21

how do proteasomes degrade protein?

Answer 21

ubiquitin pathway

Question 22

what is atrophy?

Answer 22

decrease in cell size from work demand/ environemnt

Question 23

what happens to metabolic needs of atrophies cells?

Answer 23

decreases bc they need less nutrients to survive

Question 24

5 types of atrophy

Answer 24

1. disuse
2. denervation
3. loss of endocrine stimulation
4. inadequate nutrition
5. ischemia

Question 25

disuse atrophy targets?

Answer 25

skeletal muscle
-cast, bed rest, immobilization

Question 26

denervation atrophy happens?

Answer 26

in muscle of paralyzed limbs
-from nerve damage to muscle fibers that supply muscles

Question 27

loss of endocrine atrophy targets?

Answer 27

hormone responsive tissue

Question 28

decrease sensitivity to estrogen during menopause is an example of?

Answer 28

loss of edocrine atrophy

Question 29

inadequate nutrion atrophy targets?

Answer 29

muscle protein used as source of energy in lack of nutrition once adipose reserve has been depleted

Question 30

what is causes by decrease blood supply and atheroscerosis?

Answer 30

ischemia atrophy

Question 31

where can we see hypertrophy?

Answer 31

-nondividing cells
-cardiac and skeletal muscle

Question 32

what increases in hypertrophy cells?

Answer 32

size and intracellular structural components in order to meet the demand/ supply of the cells

Question 33

two main types of hypertrophy

Answer 33

physiological and pathological

Question 34

two subgroups of pathological hyperotphy

Answer 34

adaptive and compensatory hypertrophy

Question 35

working out for big muscles is

Answer 35

physiological hypertrophy

Question 36

myocardial hypertrophy is?

Answer 36

adaptive hypertrophy because it is caused by hypertention valve disfunction

Question 37

an example of compensatory hypertrophy

Answer 37

remaining organs/ tissue get larger after a portion has been surgically removes/ inactivates

Question 38

where does hyperplasia happen?

Answer 38

epithelium, intestinal epithelium and glandular tissue
-too much dividing

Question 39

two types of physiological hyperplasia?

Answer 39

hormonal and compensatory

Question 40

follicular phase of menstrual cycle for edometrial proliferation is what?

Answer 40

hormonal hyperplasia

Question 41

what allows organ regeneration and occurs in epithelia, hepatocytes, bone marrow and fibroblasts?

Answer 41

compensatory hyperplasia
*compensating

Question 42

what triggers pathological hormonal hyperplasia?

Answer 42

too much hormonal stimulation or growth factor
*goiters from hyperthyroidism