exam 1 pt 3

Question 1

what is necroptosis?

Answer 1

cell murder that is programmed
and includes inflammatory changes

Question 2

what is necrosis

Answer 2

-cell autodigestion. autolysis that happens in result of ischemia, chemical injury or secondarily hypoxia

Question 3

three things that happen in necrosis?

Answer 3

unregulates enzyme digestion of cell components, loss of membrane integrity and inflammatory response

Question 4

pyknosis, karynorrhexis and karyolysis is part of?

Answer 4

necrosis

Question 5

what are 4 necrosis types?

Answer 5

liquifactive, coagulative, caseous and fat necrosis

Question 6

liquifactive necrosis

Answer 6

cell digested by their own enzymes
-brain abcess

Question 7

coagulative necrosis

Answer 7

-hypoxic injury where acidosis has happened that denatures enzymes and proteins of cells

Question 8

what is infarct

Answer 8

the area of coagulative necrosis

Question 9

where does coagulative necrosis happen?

Answer 9

kidney, hear and adrenal glands

Question 10

pulmonary tb and mycobacterium tb cause?

Answer 10

caseous necrosis

Question 11

tb granumola is?

Answer 11

caseous where the inflammatory wall closes off the necrosis area

Question 12

what is caused by pancreatic lipases?

Answer 12

fat necrosis bc free fatty acid saponify with ca

Question 13

where does fat necrosis happen

Answer 13

breast and pancreas

Question 14

what type of gangrene swells?

Answer 14

wet gangrene due to the lack of venous flow

Question 15

what type of gangrene affects ONLY extremeties?

Answer 15

dry gangrene

Question 16

what gangrene is the result of coagulative necrosis?

Answer 16

dry gangrene
-slow spread and NO bacterial infection

Question 17

what is secondary to necrotizing bacterial infection?

Answer 17

wet gangrene

Question 18

does wet gangrene have a line of demarcation?

Answer 18

no

Question 19

wet gangrene tissue?

Answer 19

pulseless, cols, swollen and black
-rapid spread
-internal organs

Question 20

missence

Answer 20

single aa changes

Question 21

frameshift

Answer 21

indel

Question 22

mrna forms?

Answer 22

template for protein synth in codons

Question 23

rrna is?

Answer 23

part of the ribosome and made in nucleus

Question 24

tRNA binds to?

Answer 24

specific aa to transfer to ribosome

Question 25

what is marfan syndrom?

Answer 25

autosomal dom -connective tissue disorder affecting fibrillin 1 -parts of microfibrils are in ecm

Question 26

ar with one copy

Answer 26

is a carrier but phenotypically normal -only in one generation

Question 27

taysachs, pku, cf and sickle cell are?

Answer 27

ar

Question 28

lysosomal storage disease

Answer 28

tay sachs

Question 29

mental retardation, microcephaly, seizure, delay speeck, bad breath, hypopigmentation and high toxic metabolites are symptoms of?

Answer 29

pku

Question 30

low protein diet for?

Answer 30

pku

Question 31

affected male give carrier gene to daughters if?

Answer 31

x link recessive -all sons normal bc they only get y

Question 32

xr daughters have what genotype?

Answer 32

carriers that are phenotypically normal but can have affected sons

Question 33

xd affects?

Answer 33

both male and female and has no generational skips -50% of the f1's offspring is affected regardless of sex -no male to male transmission inly 50% daughters affected

Question 34

fragile x syndrome is?

Answer 34

xd

Question 35

deletion, translocation, inversion and robertsonian affect?

Answer 35

chromosomes

Question 36

monosomy

Answer 36

one chromosome copy

Question 37

polysomy

Answer 37

more than 2 copies

Question 38

trisonomy 21 manifestations

Answer 38

intellectual disable, flat facies, epicanthal fold, low malform ears, open mouth and macroglossia, short hands, 1 and 2 toe gap

Question 39

when do you screen for 21?

Answer 39

btwn trimester 1 and 2

Question 40

what is elevated in downs?

Answer 40

human chrionic gonadotropin and inhibin A

Question 41

what is low in dows?

Answer 41

estriol and alpha fetoprotein

Question 42

what is seen on downs ultrasound?

Answer 42

nuchal translucency