Exam 3 part 1 - SPD

Question 1

Ambivalent sexism

Answer 1

A form of sexism characterized by attitudes about women that reflect both negative, resentful beliefs and feelings (hostile) and affectionate, chivalrous, but potentially patronizing beliefs and feelings(benevolent). (p.)

Question 2

contact hypothesis

Answer 2

The theory that direct contact between hostile groups will reduce prejudice under certain conditions.

Question 3

Discrimination

Answer 3

Negative behaviour directed against persons because of their membership in a particular group
ACTION

Question 4

illusory correlation

Answer 4

An overestimate of the association between variables that are only slightly or not at all correlated.

Question 5

Implicit Association Test (IAT)

Answer 5

A covert measure of unconscious attitudes, it is derived from the speed at which people respond to pairings of concepts, such as black or white with good or bad. (p

Question 6

implicit racism

Answer 6

Racism that operates unconsciously and unintentionally. (p.)

Question 7

Ingroup favouritism

Answer 7

The tendency to discriminate in favour of ingroups over outgroups. (p.)

Question 8

ingroups

Answer 8

Groups with which an individual feels a sense of membership, belonging, and identity. (p.

Question 9

Jigsaw classroom

Answer 9

A cooperative learning method used to reduce racial prejudice through interaction in group efforts.

Question 10

Modern racism

Answer 10

A form of prejudice that surfaces in subtle ways when it is safe, socially acceptable, and easy to rationalize “They have too many advantages”

Question 11

Outgroup homogeneity effect

Answer 11

The tendency to assume that there is greater similarity among members of outgroups than among members of ingroups.

Question 12

Outgroups

Answer 12

Groups with which an individual does not feel a sense of membership, belonging, or identity. (p

Question 13

Prejudice

Answer 13

Negative feelings toward persons based on their membership in certain groups
FEELING

Question 14

racism

Answer 14

Prejudice and discrimination based on a person’s racial background, or institutional and cultural practices that promote the domination of one racial group over another

• Thoughts; negatives towards other race - Implicit and explicit
  -Feelings: Fear, Digust
  -Acion: Verbal negative, comments

Question 15

realistic conflict theory

Answer 15

The theory that hostility between groups is caused by direct competition for limited resources.

Question 16

Relative deprivation

Answer 16

Feelings of discontent aroused by the belief that one fares poorly compared to other

Question 17

Social categorization

Answer 17

The classification of persons into groups on the basis of common attributes.

Question 18

Social dominance orientation

Answer 18

A desire to see one’s ingroups as dominant over other groups and a willingness to adopt cultural values that facilitate oppression over other groups.

Question 19

Social identity theory

Answer 19

The theory that people favour ingroups over outgroups in order to enhance their self-esteem

Question 20

social role theory

Answer 20

The theory that small gender differences are magnified in perception by the contrasting social roles occupied by men and women.

Question 21

Stereotype

Answer 21

A belief or association that links a whole group of people with certain traits or characteristics.
COGNITION; generalisation
Beliefs are hard to change

Question 22

Stereotype content model

Answer 22

A model proposing that the relative status and competition between groups influence group stereotypes along the dimensions of competence and warmth. (p.)

Question 23

stereotype threat

Answer 23

The experience of concern about being evaluated based on negative stereotypes about one’s group.

Question 24

subliminal presentation

Answer 24

A method of presenting stimuli so faintly or rapidly that people do not have any conscious awareness of having been exposed to them

Question 25

Superordinate goal

Answer 25

A shared goal that can be achieved only through cooperation among individuals or groups.

Question 26

Ethnocentrism

Answer 26

Judging other culture practices based on what is the norm in ones culture

Question 27

Gender stereotypes and discrimination

Question 28

Red lining

Answer 28

Banks landing more or less money depending on where people live. Less money in the neighbourhood = more crime

Question 29

Prescriptive vs Descriptive Sexism

Answer 29

Prescriptive = belief about how genders are
Descriptive = Way female and male SHOULD be (our society)

Question 30

Hostile vs Benevolent - Ambivalent Sexism

Answer 30

Hostile = I hate them
Benevolent: They need protection

Question 31

Aversive racism

Answer 31

Describes both attitude and action

Question 32

A self-fulfilling prophecy

Answer 32

is a psychological phenomenon that occurs when a person’s belief or expectation causes a prediction to come true.
You might be more cold, less eye contact etc.

Question 33

Belief in a just world

Answer 33

When something bad happens to someone and we think they deserve it (their fault)

Question 34

Protestant Ethic vs Humanitarian/egalitarian ethic

Answer 34

The value attached to hard work, thrift, and efficiency in one’s worldly calling,

Question 35

Scapegoat

Answer 35

A person who is blamed for something that someone else has done

Question 36

Social comparison

Answer 36

normal behavior where people compare themselves to others to better understand their abilities, opinions, and emotional reactions

Question 37

Subtyping

Answer 37

the process by which group members who disconfirm the stereotype are clustered together to form a subgroup.

Question 38

Stereotype Lift

Answer 38

Your group has better performance, it will improve your performance (influence by)

Question 39

Disparage Domain

Answer 39

When not performing well = Dancing is dumb, Sport Is dumb to protect ego

Question 40

Overcome Stereotypes, discrimination and prejudice

Answer 40

Education, laws, setting up wise environement where everyone feel welcome

Question 41

Attribution Confusion

Answer 41

Are people nice with me because of my race, age or performance?

Question 42

Why is there stereotypes

Answer 42

We like to categorize, so it makes sense in our mind (Schema)

Question 43

Cognitive Misers

Answer 43

We dont like to think too much. Form the foundation for bias; see people in distorted way, creates ingroups vs outgroups cause we also do that to ourselves

Question 44

stigmatized

Answer 44

to treat someone or something unfairly by disapproving of them

Question 45

System justification theory (Rationalize Injustice)

Answer 45

A social psychology theory that explains why people may defend and justify existing systems, even if they are flawed or disadvantageous. (People who benefit will agree more)

Question 46

Defensive Attribution - (Rationalize Injustice)

Answer 46

If there isnt any logic for pain, they must deserve it (part of the just world theory)

Question 47

Jane Elliot (1977) brown eyed blue-eyed experiment

Answer 47

Tell blue eyes are smarter, than they start teasing brown eyes. Then flip that and the brown eyes are NOT nice with blue eyes at all to give back

Question 48

Sherif (1961) Robbers Cave, superordinate goals

Answer 48

2 group of boys put into competition mode. Superordinate goal works the best than communication and contact to built team spirit

Question 49

Steele (mid 1990s) Stereotype threat experiments

Answer 49

If it is mentioned about race and sex, the performance will go down. If not mentioned, performance is normal