Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Geology: How the Earth Works > Exam 3 part 1 > Flashcards

Exam 3 part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What causes mass wasting?

A

Gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When some one talks about mass wasting what are they usually referring to?

A

They refer to:

1) the downslope movement of rock
2) regolith and soil under direct influence of gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 2 combined effects that produce stream valleys?

A
  1. Mass wasting

2. Running water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is regolith?

A

Broken up rocks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the minimum angle required for mass wasting?

A

There is not minimum angle required

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What kind of area can cause spectacular and rapid mass wasting?

A

Areas of rugged, geologically young mountains.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What slowly lowers the land surface and what keeps all land from being sea level?

A

Mass wasting lowers the land surface but plate tectonics/mountains building keep all land from being sea level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ultimately where does mass wasting materials end up?

A

The ocean.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What can affect the gravity of a rock on a slope so that it falls downwards?

A

Shear stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the opposite of shear stress?

A

Friction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Does gravity change at all?

A

No, gravity is a concept that does not change.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What makes a rock stable on a slope?

A

When the friction is greater than the shear stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the two things that cause landslide to happen?

A

1) Controlling factors

2) Triggers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are two controlling factors of landslides?

A

1) Water (Decreases friction/adds weight)

2) Oversteeping slopes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are 3 things that could trigger a landslide?

A

1) Water (Rain/shear stress increase)
2) Earth Quakes (Cause extensive damage/liquidfaction
3) Removal of anchoring vegetation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What could cause a landslide (No triggers)?

A

Slope materials could weaken overtime and increase shear stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the two things that classify a landslide event?

A

1) Types of material involved

2) Type of motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the 3 types of materials involved with a landslide?

A

1) Mud (Clays and silts)
2) Earth (Regolith)
3) Rock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the 3 types of motion involved with an landslide?

A

1) fall (free falling pieces)
2) Slide (Material moves along a surface as a mass)
3) flow (Material moves as a chaotic mixture)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is a talus slope?

A

Debris that piles up to a characteristic angle (Looks lose, like sand)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the 7 different forms of mass wasting?

A

1) Slump
2) Rock Slide
3) Debris Flow
4) Earth Flow
5) Creep
6) Solifluction
7) Submarine landslides

22
Q

what is a slump?

A

Movement of mass of rock or loose material as a unit along a curved surface

23
Q

What is a rock slide?

A

Blocks of bedrock slide down a slope. Generally fast and destructive.

24
Q

Describe what a debris flow is?

A

It’s a lahar, mostly soil, regolith, water. Usually in channels in dry areas

25
Q

What is an Earth flow?

A

This is a flow of soil that is clay or silt, it is saturated by water and is formed on hillsides in humid regions, usually next to highways

26
Q

What is a creep?

A

Slow moving soil and regolith, caused by the expansion and contraction of material (Ice formation). Can be seen by bent tree stumps

27
Q

What is solifluction?

A

This is a gentle slope of mass wasting, usually areas that were under permafrost thaw out and they slide downhill because they are ontop of impermeable clay

28
Q

What are submarine landslides?

A

They are little landslides that occur on the flank of seamounts which are underwater volcanoes. When the slide occurs, water replaces it causing tsunamis.

29
Q

What are two slow moving mass wasting?

A

1) Creep

2) Solification

30
Q

What is the hydrolic cycle?

A

The hydrolic cycle is a summary of the circulation of earth’s water supply.

31
Q

What are the six parts to the hydrolic cycle?

A

1) Precipitation
2) Evaporation
3) Infiltration
4) Run off
5) Transpiration
6) Evaportranspiration

32
Q

What’s the first part to the hydrolic cycle?

A

Evaporation

33
Q

What powers evaporation and where does it usually occur?

A

Solar energy and usually occurs from the ocean

34
Q

Where do the salts in the ocean come from?

A

Chemical weathering from land

35
Q

What kind of hazard are sinkholes?

A

A ground water hazard

36
Q

What purifies water and makes it fresh?

A

Evaporation

37
Q

Where do oceans get their chemistry from?

A

From land streams that take both solids and particles to the ocean

38
Q

How are streams still moving even without rain?

A

ground water

39
Q

What is a sheetflow?

A

This is running water without being confined to a canal

40
Q

What are rills?

A

They are tiny channels of water that are caused by sheet flow

41
Q

What are the 5 things that will control infiltration capacity?

A

1) Intensity and duration of rainfall
2) Prior wetted condition of the soil
3) Soil texture
4) Slope of the land
5) Nature of the vegetation cover

42
Q

What is the perfect soil?

A

One that has both air and space, both porous and permeable

43
Q

What is porosity and what is permeability?

A

Porosity is the amount of space you have and permeability how well those spaces are connected

44
Q

In the terms of porosity and permeability, where does clay stand?

A

Clay is porous but not permeable

45
Q

Why does water cling?

A

Because of electrical charges

46
Q

Is the dormant season a better time for infiltration?

A

Yes.

47
Q

If you see rills in the soil, what does that tell you about the soil?

A

It tells me that the soil has no vegetation and that it is not permeable.

48
Q

What are the two different type of stream flows and what is the difference?

A

1) Laminar (Smooth, organized, almost solid looking)

2) Turbulent (Jagged, unorganized, looks like moving water)

49
Q

What are the 3 things that determine the velocity (stream flow)?

A

1) Gradient or slope
2) Channel characteristics including slope size, roughness
3) Discharge

50
Q

How does gradient effect velocity/stream flow?

A

The steepness of the gradient will determine how fast it goes because gravity is controlling it

Geology: How the Earth Works (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions