Exam 1 Part 3

Question 1

How many elements are in the world and how many are naturally occuring?

Answer 1

There are 100 known elements and 92 are naturally occuring.

Question 2

What are the 8 elements that we need to know?

Answer 2

1) Fe (Iron
2) Mg (Magnesium)
3) Na (Sodium)
4) Ca (Calcium)
5) K (Potassium)
6) Al (Aluminum)
7) Si (Silicon)
8) O (Oxygen)

Question 3

What is an Atom?

Answer 3

Smallest particle of matter

Question 4

What are elements made of?

Answer 4

Atoms. A single type of atom

Question 5

How do you calculate atomic weight?

Answer 5

The protons + neutrons + electrons

Question 6

How can you change the weight of an element but keep it the same?

Answer 6

By changing the number of neutrons

Question 7

What changes an element?

Answer 7

The number of protons

Question 8

How do you calculate the atomic number of an element?

Answer 8

By counting how many protons it has

Question 9

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 9

A covalent bond is when two element atoms are sharing electrons to become stable.

Question 10

What is an ionic bond?

Answer 10

An ionic bond is when one element atom, steals from another in order to make itself stable and also makes the element that it stole from stable

Question 11

What is metallic bonding?

Answer 11

When electrons are free to mingle among atoms.

Question 12

What is the strongest bonding and what is the weakest?

Answer 12

Covelent bonding (diamonds) is the strongest while metallic is the weakest.

Question 13

How do you calculate mass number in an element?

Answer 13

Neutrons + protons

Question 14

What is an isotope?

Answer 14

Different number of neutrons but same number of protons, making it the same element but with different atomic mass number

Question 15

What do unstable isotopes do?

Answer 15

They emit particles known as radioactive decay

Question 16

What do minerals consist of?

Answer 16

They consist of an orderly array of atoms that are chemically bonded to create a crystalline structure

Question 17

What are polymorphs?

Answer 17

They are minerals with the same composition but different crystaline structures

Question 18

Example of two minerals that are polymorph?

Answer 18

Diamonds and graphite, if they are slow to the surface they are graphite. Diamonds are in the ground before turning into graphite.

Question 19

What are the seven ways to describe the physical properties of a mineral?

Answer 19

1) Luster
2) Crystal form
3) Color
4) Streak
5) Hardness
6) Cleavage
7) Fracture

Question 20

How do you know what the streak is of a mineral?

Answer 20

The streak is the powdered form of a mineral, you obtained it by scraping it on an unglazed porcelain plate

Question 21

What is the hardness of a mineral?

Answer 21

How hard it is to scratch it on the moh’s 1-10 scale

Question 22

What is a cleavage?

Answer 22

When a mineral is broken and it breaks into planes

Question 23

What is a fracture?

Answer 23

When a mineral is broken and it doesn’t have a cleavage at all

Question 24

How do you calculate the specific gravity of a mineral?

Answer 24

By dividing it’s weight by an equal volume of water.

Question 25

What are two examples of heavy minerals?

Answer 25

Lead or gold

Question 26

What is the crust composed of mineral wise?

Answer 26

It’s 50 percent feldspar and 8 percent non-silicates

Question 27

What is the most common mineral?

Answer 27

Feldspars

Question 28

What is silicate?

Answer 28

The most important mineral group comprised most rock forming mineral

Question 29

What is the feldspar group and what are their cleavages?

Answer 29

They are light silicates, two perfect cleavages that make 90 degrees

Question 30

What is the name of a potassium feldspar and what is the same of the sodium feldspar?

Answer 30

Orthoclase and Plagioclase

Question 31

What happens when you add water to feldspar?

Answer 31

It will form clay

Question 32

What happens when you add water to quartz?

Answer 32

Not much. Nothing at all.

Question 33

How much of the earth’s crust is clay?

Answer 33

5%

Question 34

What is quartz?

Answer 34

It’s light colored silicate, only common silicate that is composed entirely of oxygen and silicon

Question 35

What are the three most common components of magma?

Answer 35

1) Liquid portion (Melt)
2) Solids (Sometimes has silicates)
3) Volatiles (Dissolved gases in the melt)

Question 36

What is texture and why is it important?

Answer 36

Texture is the size and arrangement of mineral grains, it’s important because it can tell where magma cooled.

Question 37

How would the crystal size be affected by how fast or how slow they cooled?

Answer 37

If they cooled slowly then there would be fewer but larger crystals, if fast there would be more but smaller crystals and if very fast there would be no crystals just glass.

Question 38

What can granite’s crystals tell you about it?

Answer 38

It can tell you about how fast it cooled and therefor tell you about where it was formed.

Question 39

If granite is formed intrusively, why is it we can find it on or near the surface?

Answer 39

Erosion.

Question 40

What are the four igneous crystal textures?

Answer 40

1) Aphanitic (Micro crystals, can’t be seen)
2) Phaneritic (Large crystals)
3) Vesicular (Bubble texture)
4) Prophyritic (Larger crystals in a matrix of smaller crystals)

Question 41

What are dark silicates?

Answer 41

Ferromagnesian

Question 42

What are light silicates?

Answer 42

Non-ferromagnesian

Question 43

What are the 3 light silicates

Answer 43

Quartz, mica, and clay minerals

Question 44

What are 3 dark silicates?

Answer 44

Olivine group, proxene group, and amphibole group

Question 45

What is the specific gravity of a mineral?

Answer 45

It’s the density of the mineral, how heavy it is