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Geology: How the Earth Works > Exam 1 part 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 part 1 Flashcards

Study for the first exam

1
Q

What kind of planet is Earth?

A

It is small and self contained, dynamic/active

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2
Q

What are Earth’s four spheres?

A

1) Hydrosphere (water)
2) Atmosphere (Air/gases)
3) Biosphere (Life)
4) Geosphere (Solid rock)

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3
Q

What do the spheres have to do with one another?

A

They interact, you cannot have one sphere without the other.

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4
Q

What is the aim of Earth Science?

A

To study the Earth as a system composed of numerous interacting parts, subsystems.

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5
Q

What does it mean to study the earth interdisciplinary?

A

It means to study all of the different spheres.

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6
Q

What is a system?

A

Any size group of interacting parts that for a complex whole.

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7
Q

What do you need to have a complete system?

A

You need matter moved by energy making it a dynamic system.

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8
Q

What are the energies moving our Earth?

A

Solar energy and internal heat

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9
Q

What are the three things that make up the Earth’s internal heat?

A

1) Gravity
2) Meteor Bombardment
3) Radioactive elements

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10
Q

What exactly does solar energy do for the Earth?

A

It moves both the hydrosphere and the atmosphere, the earth’s surface.

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11
Q

How long has the Earth been in operation?

A

4.6 Billion years

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12
Q

What is the goal of science?

A

To discover patterns in nature and use the knowledge to make predictions

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13
Q

How do scientists collect data?

A

Through observations and measurements.

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14
Q

What period are we in?

A

Inter-glacial period

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15
Q

What a hypothesis?

A

A tentative or untested explanation

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16
Q

What is a Theory?

A

A well tested and widely accepted view that the scientific community agrees best explains certain observable facts

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17
Q

What involves the Scientific Method?

A

Gathering facts through observations and formulating and hypothesis.

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18
Q

What are the three internal structure layers of the Earth?

A

1) Crust
2) Mantle
3) Core

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19
Q

What are the four layers of the earth that are defined by physical properties?

A

1) Lithosphere (1st)
2) Asthenosphere (2nd)
3) Mesosphere (3rd)
4) Inner and outer core (4th and 5th)

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20
Q

Which of the three internal structure layers of the earth is the largest?

A

Mantle

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21
Q

What is the core of the earth composed of?

A

Iron alloy.

22
Q

What is the density of core’s iron alloy?

A

11 grams per cubic volume

23
Q

What is the mantle composed of?

A

Peridotite

24
Q

What is Peridotite?

A

It’s silicate rock

25
Q

What are the 7 elements that silicate is composed of?

A

Silicon dioxide, iron, magnesium, Calcium, sodium, Potassium, aluminum.

26
Q

What is the two types of crust?

A

Oceanic crust and continental crust

27
Q

What is the oceanic crust composed of and what is the continental crust composed of?

A

Basalt and Granite

28
Q

Which of the two crusts is denser than the other?

A

Oceanic Crust

29
Q

What is the states of matter for the inner core and the outer core?

A

Inner core is a solid and the outer core is a liquid/plastic type state

30
Q

What controls water’s state?

A

Temperature

31
Q

Why is it that the inner core is a solid even though it is hotter than the outer core?

A

Because the inner core, while it is hotter than the outer core, it has more pressure being put on it than the outer core, making it a solid.

32
Q

What does our magnetic field do for our planet?

A

Our magnetic field protects us from solar winds from the sun when it flares up

33
Q

What is charging our magnetic field?

A

Our liquid core. The outer core.

34
Q

What is the matter state of the asthenosphere and the mesosphere?

A

The asthenosphere is a liquid/plastic like state while the mesosphere isn’t as fluid

35
Q

What are the three rock types?

A

1) Igneous
2) Sedimentary
3) Metamorphic

36
Q

What are two examples of igneous rocks? One intrusive and one extrusive.

A

Intrusive: Granite
Extrusive: Basalt.

37
Q

What are detrital sedimentary rocks and what are chemical sedimentary rocks?

A

Detrital: Sandstone
Chemical: Limestone

38
Q

What does detrital and chemical sedimentary rocks mean?

A

Detrital sedimentary rocks are from preexisting rocks and chemical rocks are settled out of water after precipitation

39
Q

What are metamorphic rocks made from?

A

Preexisting igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic rocks.

40
Q

How are Metamorphic rocks formed?

A

Through heat and pressure without melting or breaking the rocks UNDERGROUND

41
Q

What are some examples of metamorphic rocks?

A

Gneiss and marble

42
Q

What is the rock cycle?

A

One of earth’s subsystems when one type of rock turns into another type of rock

43
Q

What is the most prominent feature of the earth’s surface?

A

The mountain belts.

44
Q

What is the stable interior of the earth?

A

Craton, it’s composed of shields and platforms.

45
Q

What is the most prominent topographic feature on Earth?

A

Ocean Basins

46
Q

What are ocean basins mostly composed of?

A

Igneous rock that has been fractured and uplifted.

47
Q

What is apart of the continental margins?

A

Includes the continental shelf, continental slop and the continental rise.

48
Q

What is a seamount?

A

A little volcano under the ocean

49
Q

What is relative dating?

A

It means that the dates are placed in their proper sequence/order without knowing their age in years.

50
Q

Did the planets form at different times than the earth?

A

No, all the planets formed at essentially the same time.

Geology: How the Earth Works (11 decks)

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