Exam #3 Other Mycoses

Question 1

What are the 3 hyphal molds we need to know (mostly respiratory infections)

Answer 1

Aspergillus
Mucor
Dermatophytes

Question 2

What are the 3 dimorphic fungi we need to know (mostly respiratory infections by inhalation of spores)?

Answer 2

Histoplasma
Blastomyces
Coccidoides

Question 3

What is the one yeast we need to know?

Answer 3

Cryptococcus

Question 4

Grows only as a filamentous mold with septate hyphae
45 degree branching acute angle

Answer 4

Aspergillus

Question 5

How does Aspergillus reproduce

Answer 5

release spores from hyphae into the air

Question 6

Where can Aspergillus grow?

Answer 6

Outdoors - on living of dead organic matter

Indoors - damp or wet surface

Question 7

T/F: Aspergillus does not have any oral manifestations.

Answer 7

False

Question 8

Voriconazole is good to treat what fungus?

Answer 8

Aspergillus NOT mucor

Question 9

Grows as filamentous mold
non-septate hyphae
90 degree hyphal branching

Answer 9

Mucor (Zygomycetes)

Question 10

_____________ tend to invade major blood vessels (angioinvasion) and leads to necrosis -> black pus!!!!

Answer 10

Mucormycoses

Question 11

Primary pathogen of Mucor

Answer 11

Rhizopus

Question 12

How does Aspergillus reproduce

Answer 12

release of spores into the air

Question 13

Where can Mucor grow?

Answer 13

Outdoors - on living or dead matter
Indoors- moist areas

Question 14

Who is at a high risk for Mucor infection?

Answer 14

Patients with uncontrolled diabetes and ketoacidosis, cancer (especially those who are neutropenic)

Question 15

Black necrotic lesions often noted on hard palate/nasal mucosa, and eventually skin
-can have oral manifestation

Answer 15

Rhinocerebral mucormycosis

Question 16

Silver stains allow for you to see fungal ______ filaments

Answer 16

hyphal

Question 17

Treatment for Mucor

Answer 17

• surgical removal of affected tissue
• correction of underlying conditions
• antifungal therapy

Question 18

Histo, Blasto and Coccido (dimorphic fungi) need to knows

Answer 18

oral manifestations are rare
defined geographical areas

Question 19

Name that dimorphic fungus:

Habitat: associated with bird and bat droppings

Transmission: inhalation of spores - become yeast during infection within macrophages (so they are small)

Geographical area: Ohio Louisville and Mississippi river valleys

Answer 19

Histoplasma

Question 20

Name the dimorphic fungus:

Habitat: organic matter (ex. rotting wood, animal dropping, plant material)

Transmission: inhalation of spores - becomes yeast during infection in body

Geographical area:
Ohio Louisville and Mississippi and Arkansas river valleys and upper midwest states

Answer 20

Blastomyces

Question 21

Name the dimorphic fungus:

Habitat: fine sand and soil

Transmission: inhalation of spores - becomes spherules

Geographical area: hot, arid Sonora desert (southwestern US.)

think cock gun in the west

Co

Answer 21

Coccidioides immitis

Question 22

What stage of disease would you see oral manifestation of histo, blasto, and coccido diseases?

Answer 22

Disseminated disease
(In the more serious types of diseases)

Question 23

name 3 dermatophytes

Answer 23

Trichophyton, Microsporum, Epidermophyton

Question 24

Dermatophytes secrete _____________ which helps them degrade _________

Answer 24

keratinase; keratin

Question 25

Name the dermatophyte:

smooth, club-shaped macroconidia with no microconidia

Answer 25

Epidermophyton

Question 26

Name the dermatophyte:

Rough, spindle-shaped macroconidia with microconidia

Answer 26

Microsporum

Question 27

Name the dermatophyte:

many microconidia, cigar-shaped macroconidia

Answer 27

Trichophyton

Question 28

Tinea capitis

Answer 28

scalp hair skin

Question 29

Tinea faciei

Answer 29

non-bearded part of face

Question 30

Tinea barbae

Answer 30

beard, mustache and neck

Question 31

Tinea corporis

Answer 31

Body trunk (ringworm)

Question 32

Tinea manuum

Answer 32

palms and fingers

Question 33

Tinea pedis

Answer 33

soles of feet, between toes

Question 34

Tinea unguium

Answer 34

Nails