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Micro > Cytokines > Flashcards

Cytokines Flashcards

1
Q

Match items

a. neutrophil recruitment
b. natural killer activation
c. acute phase reactant release
d. macrophage activation

  1. IL-6 and IL-1 and TNF
  2. TNF and IL-1
  3. INFalpha
  4. INFgamma
A
  1. c
  2. a
  3. b
  4. d
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2
Q

Synthesis of cytokine is ______ (burst).

A

transient

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3
Q

Cytokines of the innate immunity:

  • Cytokines can induce cell _____
  • Cytokines such as _____ and ____ participate in the recruitment of neutrophils from the blood.
  • Cytokines released in the circulation induce cells from the live to produce ______ _______ __________.
A

Cytokines of the innate immunity:

  • Cytokines can induce cell activation
  • Cytokines such as IL-1 and TNF participate in the recruitment of neutrophils from the blood.
  • Cytokines released in the circulation induce cells from the live to produce acute phase reactants.
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4
Q

M1 and M2 macrophages produce what type of cytokines?

A

M1 pro-inflammatory (IL-12, TNF, IL-6, IL-1)

M2 anti-inflammatory (IL-10, TGFb)

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5
Q

Cytokines of the adaptive immunity

T cells produce cytokine that affect several cell types. They produce ____ that promote T cell proliferation.

A

IL-2

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6
Q

Naive T cells differentiate into what type of T cell in adaptive immunity?

A

T helper cells

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7
Q

IL-12
____
IFN gamma
activate _______
isotype switch to IgG

A

IL-12
Th1
IFN gamma
activate macrophages
isotype switch to IgG

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8
Q

IL-12
Th1
______
activate macrophages
isotype switch to ___

A

IL-12
Th1
IFN gamma
activate macrophages
isotype switch to IgG

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9
Q

_____
Th1
______
activate macrophages
isotype switch to IgG

A

IL-12
Th1
IFN gamma
activate macrophages
isotype switch to IgG

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10
Q

IL-6 and TGF-b
___________
IL-17 and IL-22
activate _________

A

IL-6 and TGF-b
Th17
IL-17 and IL-22
activate neutrophils

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11
Q

IL-6 and _____
Th17
IL-17 and ______
activate neutrophils

A

IL-6 and TGF-b
Th17
IL-17 and IL-22
activate neutrophils

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12
Q

____ and TGF-b
____
____ and IL-22
activate ________

A

IL-6 and TGF-b
Th17
IL-17 and IL-22
activate neutrophils

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13
Q

IL-4
____
IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13
activate eosinophils
isotype switch to IgE

A

IL-4
Th2
IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13
activate eosinophils
isotype switch to IgE

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14
Q

____
Th2
IL-4, IL-5, and ____
activate ________
isotype switch to IgE

A

IL-4
Th2
IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13
activate eosinophils
isotype switch to IgE

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15
Q

IL-4
Th2
_____, ______ and _____
activate eosinophils
isotype switch to ____

A

IL-4
Th2
IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13
activate eosinophils
isotype switch to IgE

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16
Q

_____
_____
IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13
activate ________
isotype switch to ____

A

IL-4
Th2
IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13
activate eosinophils
isotype switch to IgE

17
Q

What type of t-cells produce anti-inflammatory cytokines?

A

Regulatory T cells (Tregs)

TGFb is the cytokine that trigger differentiation of naive T cells into Tregs

18
Q

What cells in the germinal center produce IL-21 that helps B cells produce immunoglobulins?

A

T follicular helper cells (Tfh)

19
Q

Tfh cell in the germinal center produce what interleukin that helps B cells produce immunoglobulins?

A

IL-21

20
Q

What is TNFalpha produced by?

A

macrophage

21
Q

What is TNFbeta produced by?

A

activate T and B cells

22
Q

(T/F) Both TNF are potent mediators in the inflammatory response and endogenous pyrogen (fever mediator).

A

True

23
Q

Which TNF is produced in case of a systemic infection (sepsis)?

A

TNFalpha

24
Q

Decreased ________ volume and disseminated intravascular _______ can cause vessel collapse and lead to septic shock associated with multiple organ failure.

A

blood
coagulation

25
Q

What is IFNa produced by? (5 things)

A

epithelial cells
fibroblast
endothelial cells
macrophages
DC

26
Q

Viral dsRNA binding to _______ triggers the production of _________ that induces an antiviral state in uninfected cells in the vicinity.

A

Viral dsRNA binding to TLR3 triggers the production of IFNa/b that induces an antiviral state in uninfected cells in the vicinity.

27
Q

What is antiviral state?

A

If cells are infected with a virus, its viral replication is inhibited

28
Q

What is the outcome of IFNalpha triggered by viral infection of the lung cells and binding on receptors of uninfected cells present in the vicinity?

a. Release of acute phase reactants

b. Differentiation of Th1 cells

c. Inhibition of viral replication

d. Activation of macrophages

A

c. Inhibition of viral replication

29
Q

Chemokines are a family of structurally-related cytokines. There are 4 main chemokine classes based on the spacing of their two cysteine residues.
- C chemokines
- CC chemokines
- CXC chemokines
- CX3C chemokines

A
30
Q

Chemokines mediate movement of leukocytes (WBS) in different ways

  • from blood to ______
  • from infection sites to draining ______ _________
  • from primary lymphoid organs to LN and spleen
  • from lymphoid organs to infection sites
A

Chemokines mediate movement of leukocytes (WBS) in different ways

  • from blood to tissues
  • from primary lymphoid organs to LN and spleen
  • from lymphoid organs to infection sites
  • from infection sites to draining lymph nodes
31
Q

Chemokines mediate movement of leukocytes (WBS) in different ways

  • from blood to tissues
  • from primary lymphoid organs to ___ and ______
  • from _________ ______ to infection sites
  • from infection sites to draining _________ _________
A

Chemokines mediate movement of leukocytes (WBS) in different ways

  • from blood to tissues
  • from primary lymphoid organs to LN and spleen
  • from to lymphoid organs to infection sites
  • from infection sites to draining lymph nodes
32
Q

Chemokines mediate movement of leukocytes (WBS) in different ways

  • from blood to tissues
  • from ______ lymphoid organs to LN and spleen
  • from to lymphoid organs to _________ ________
  • from infection sites to draining lymph nodes
A

Chemokines mediate movement of leukocytes (WBS) in different ways

  • from blood to tissues
  • from primary lymphoid organs to LN and spleen
  • from to lymphoid organs to infection sites
  • from infection sites to draining lymph nodes
33
Q

How do chemokines affect leukocytes?

A

They mediate movement of leukocytes from lower to higher concentration.

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