Exam #3 Candidiasis

Question 1

___________ has been the most common cause of all fungal infections

Answer 1

Candida

Question 2

What is the most common cause of fungal infections in the oral cavity?

Answer 2

Candida

Question 3

When will Candida become more invasive?

Answer 3

when host immune defenses are compromised

Question 4

T/F: Candida is a species of fungi that are regular members of the human normal microbiota.

Answer 4

True

Question 5

T/F: Candida infections vary from superficial mucosal inflammatory rxns to severe systemic disease

Answer 5

True

Question 6

Describe the morphology of Candida albicans

Answer 6

white (alba)
dimorphic!! alternates b/w yeast and hyphal mold

Question 7

Candida albicans is not only regulated by temperatures but it also depends on

Answer 7

nutrient presence

Question 8

In the dimorphic morphology, of Candida albicans you may get formation of ______ _______ produced during the initial stage of hyphal formation

Answer 8

germ tubes

Question 9

Virulence factors of Candida albicans (3)

Answer 9

1) adhesin proteins
2) acid proteases for degradation
3) phospholipases (invasion) -> hyphal formation

Question 10

What habitat do Candida albicans like

Answer 10

normal flora on skin (moist areas) and mucosal membranes

Question 11

Candida albicans infection is due to ___________ of a person’s normal flora

Answer 11

overgrowth

Question 12

Predisposing factors for overgrowth include

Answer 12

• young/elderly
• ppl living with HIV, transplant recipients
• malignancy, cytotoxic therapies

Question 13

Which predisposing factors for overgrowth can lead to oral disease?

Answer 13

• dentures
• diabetes/high sugar intake
• xerostomia (Sjogrens syndrome)

Question 14

Why is extended antibiotic therapy bad?

Answer 14

cuz it eliminates the good bacteria and this makes room for candida to grow

Question 15

Name the oral candidiasis:
cream-colored, crumbling, curd-like white patches
can be rubbed off easily leaving red base,
may have loss of taste

Answer 15

Pseudomembranous candidiasis (thrush)

Question 16

Name the oral candidiasis:
red, inflammed areas of varying size
NO white curd like patches
attributed to ppl living with dentures that don’t fit properly, HIV, drug therapy, dry mouth

Answer 16

Erythematous candidiasis

Question 17

Name that candidiasis:
painful, cracked sores at corners of the mouth from trapped saliva

Answer 17

angular chelitis

Question 18

Name that candidiasis:
individual white lesions
white patches CAN NOT be rubbed off

Answer 18

Chronic hyperplastic leukoplakia

Question 19

Name that candidiasis:
localized; central papillary atrophy of tongue
smooth, lobulated dark pink to red area on back of tongue
seen in smokers/inhalation steroid users

Answer 19

Median rhomboid glossitis

Question 20

Name that candidiasis:
genetic defect,
group of persistent or recurrent Candida infections associated with skin, nails, and oral cavity
warty, hyperkeratotic plaques

what type of immunity has a defect to cause this?

Answer 20

Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis

Cell-mediated immunity

Question 21

Two examples of urogenital candidiasis

Answer 21

vulvovaginitis (yeast infection)
candidal balanitis (males)

Question 22

Laboratory diagnosis of candidiasis involves direct __________ examination, a wet mount using _______, (removes all cells except yeast and hyphae) and you observe for ___________ or ovoid yeast cells, pseudohyphae or hyphae

Answer 22

microscopic, 10%KOH (potassium hyroxide), round

Question 23

Culture and sab’s agar are good for identifying

Answer 23

General Fungus

Question 24

What is the germ tube test for?

Answer 24

identifies C. albicans cuz they grow a elongated germ tube

Question 25

Underlying causes to consider in treatment

Answer 25

oral hygiene
dietary advice
denture trauma
steroid inhaler use
other systemic factors (ex. antibiotics or steroid use)

Question 26

T/F: There is a vaccine for C. albicans.

Answer 26

False

Question 27

What fungus is an emerging, multidrug resistant fungus.

Answer 27

C. auris