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Micro > Exam #3 Fungi > Flashcards

Exam #3 Fungi Flashcards

1
Q

What is mycology?

A

The study of Fungi

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2
Q

Fungi includes:

A

Yeast *
Molds *
Higher fungi (dimorphic)

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3
Q

T/F: Fungi are eukaryotic.

A

True

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4
Q

T/F: Fungi require an anaerobic environment.

A

False

need a aerobic environment

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5
Q

Fungi are saprophytic. What does saprophytic mean?

A

acquire nutrients from dead, decaying organic matter

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6
Q

Describe pathogenesis of fungi in humans

A

fungi can break down epithelial tissue and spread into deeper tissues. Tissues that are ischemic and necrotic are often useful sources of nutrients for fungi.

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7
Q

Yeast are the ________-celled form of fungi

A

Single

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8
Q

What 2 shapes does yeast exist as?

A

round or oval-shaped

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9
Q

How do yeast reproduce?

A

asexually by budding

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10
Q

When yeast reproduce they will break off to form single cells that are identical or remain attached and elongate to become:

A

pseudohyphae or hyphae

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11
Q

What is it called when yeast extend their growth from the tip of the germ tube (this is not seen in all yeast)

A

true hyphae

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12
Q

2 Yeast examples

A

Candida and Cryptococcus

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13
Q

Molds are the _________-cellular form of fungi

A

Multi

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14
Q

Filaments of mold can be individual called _______ or they may form masses called __________.

A

hyphae (also called hyphal filaments); mycelium

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15
Q

T/F Hyphae filaments may branch.

A

True

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16
Q

Two forms that mold exist as

A

septate hypha (have cross walls) or aseptate hypha

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17
Q

Two example of molds

A

Aspergillus
Mucor

18
Q

Molds form hyphal filaments called ______, which may be septate (cross walls) or ________ (no cross wall). Hyphae have particular branching characteristics and may have _____ associated with them.

A

hyphae; aseptate; pigment

19
Q

Finish the sentence describing dimorphic fungi.
Yeast in the ______ and mold in the ________.

A

heat; cold (the mold will have hyphae)

20
Q

What does this describe alternation between yeast form and mold form based on environmental conditions.

A

Dimorphic fungi

21
Q

What makes fungal cells different from other eukaryotic cells?

A

The cell MEMBRANE has ergosterol NOT cholesterol.

*a lot of antifungal agents target ergosterol

22
Q

Two main components of fungal cell WALL

A

polysaccharides and glycoproteins

23
Q

T/F: The cell membrane of fungi contains peptidoglycan

A

False bruh she said this like 20 times

24
Q

What are the 3 main polysaccharides in fungal cell WALLs?

A

B-glucan
Alpha-glucan
chitin

25
Q

What are the specific glycoproteins found in fungal cell WALLs?

A

mannoproteins
recognized by human MBP’s

26
Q

Innate response involves ______ and macrophages to phagocytose fungi for intracellular killing.

A

Neutrophils (remember critical to fungal immunity)

27
Q

What is the purpose of the fungal cell membrane and cell wall?

A

protect fungal cells
stimulate host response

28
Q

What is the target of antifungal agents?

A

cell membrane and cell wall

29
Q

Fungal pathogens are typically aerobic/anaerboic

A

aerobic

30
Q

Mold reproduce asexually by forming

A

spores (also called conidia)

31
Q

Some mold can produce both spore cellular types at the same time. What are the two types?

A

Single cells, smaller = microconidia
Multi celled, larger = macroconidia

32
Q

T/F: mold spores are not heat resistant

A

True!

33
Q

secreted substances that are toxic to humans and animals when ingested or inhaled

A

mycotoxins

34
Q

Fungal diseases may present in 3 diff forms. What are they?

A

1) allergies
2) mycotoxin exposure
3) infections (MYCOSES)

35
Q

Fungal infections can be presented what 3 ways?

A

Superficial, subcutaneous or systemic (endemic and opportunistic)

36
Q

What causes a subcutaneous mycoses?

A

trauma-related inoculation of fungal spores (thorn bush) from soil, vegatation

37
Q

Systemic mycoses may be due to

A

commensal fungi that overgrows
environmental fungi that’s inhaled

38
Q

Systemic infection can be

______ - cause infection in immunocompetent individuals
______- cause infection in immunocompromised individuals

A

Endemic; opportunistic

39
Q

T/F: All pathogenic fungi have the ability to be opportunistic

A

True!

40
Q

The greater the degree of immunocompromise…

A

the greater the likelihood of a severe infection

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