Exam 3 - Meds Only Flashcards

1
Q

Sulfonylureas - glipizide (Glucotrol); glyburide (Micronase, Diabeta, glimepride (Amaryl)

A
  • Secretagogue: stimulates insulin secretion from beta cell.
  • Constantly working - - could lead to hypoglycemia
  • take with food
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Meglitinides - repaglinide (Prandin), nateglinide (Starlix)

A
  • Stimulate a rapid and short lived release of insulin from the pancreas
  • Burst of insulin - - then it stops
  • Take with food
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Biguanide - metformin (Glucophage), metformin ER (Glumetza)

A
  • *First Line for Type 2**
  • Reduces hepatic glucose production
  • Sensitizer: increases insulin sensitivity to peripheral uptake
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Thiazolidineodione - pioglitazone (Actos), rosiglitazone (Avandia)

A
  • Makes tissues more sensitive to insulin

- Sensitizer: increases insulin sensitivity to peripheral uptake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

a-glucosidase inhibitor - acarbose (Precose), miglitol (Glyset)

A

Take with very 1st bite of every meal or don’t take at all. Food gets absorbed further down GI tract - causes cramps, gas, GI problems.

  • Slows absorption of food in stomach
  • Slows absorption of glucose, slows postprandial hyperglycemia.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

DPP-4 Inhibitors - sitagliptin (Januvia), saxagliptin (Onglyza), linagliptin (Tradjenta)

A
  • Enhances the incretin system, stimulates release of insulin from pancreatic B cells.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

SGLT2 Inhibitors - Canagliflozin (Invokana), dapagliflozin (farxiga)

A
  • Sodium-glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2) works in the kidney to reabsorb glucose, this new class of medication, SGLT2 inhibitors, blocks this action causing excess glucose to be eliminated in urine.
  • At risk for UTI because of increase in glucose in urine.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Bile Acid Sequestrant (BAS) - colesevelam (Welchol)

A

A cholesterol lowering medication that also reduces blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Dopamine Receptor Agonist - Bromocitine (Cycloset)

A

Increases CNS dopamine receptor activity, increases insulin sensitivity and decreases A1C by improving postprandial hepatic glucose metabolism and increasing glucose uptake.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Incretins (Injections but not insulin)

Exenatide (Byetta), Exenatide ER once-weekly (Bydureon), Liraglutide (Victoza)

A

Stimulates release of insulin, decrease glucagon secretion, increase satiety, decrease gastric emptying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Amylin Analog (Injections but not insulin) - Pramlintide (Symlin)

A

Decrease gastric emptying, decrease glucagon secretions and endogenous glucose output from the liver, increase satiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Insulin - Lispro or Aspart

A

Rapid Acting

  • Onset: 15 min
  • Peak: 60-90 min
  • Duration: 2-4 hrs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Insulin - Human Regular

mix with Human NPH

A

NPO/Tube feeding

  • Onset: 30-60 min
  • Peak: 2-3 hrs
  • Duration: 3-6 hrs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Insulin - Human NPH

mix with Human Regular

A

Intermediate Acting

  • Onset: 2-4 hrs
  • Peak: 4-10 hrs
  • Duration: 10-16 hrs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Insulin - Glargine

A

Long Acting

  • Onset: 1-2 hrs
  • Peak: Peakless
  • Duration: 24 hrs
  • Crystallizes under skin because different pH than body; slowly adjusts to the bodies pH
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The medication that should be used with caution in patients with diabetes and respiratory disorders

A

Beta Blockers
DM – hypoglycemia unawareness
Resp – beta 2 non-selective

17
Q

Why is insulin not a pill?

A

Can’t get passed the GI tract before it gets destroyed and not able to be absorbed.

18
Q

Hydrodiuril (hydrochlorathiazide)

A

First line treatment for Hypertension

Thiazide Diuretics: promotes renal excretion of water, Na, K, H.

19
Q

Lasix (furosemide)

A

First line treatment for Hypertension

Loop Diuretic: inhibits absorption of Na & Cl from ascending loop of Henle

20
Q

Sprionaldactone

A

First line treatment for Hypertension

Potassium sparing Diuretic: competes with aldosterone for receptor sites in distal renal tubes.

21
Q

Lopressor (metoprolol)

Tenormin (atenolol)

A

First line treatment for Hypertension
Beta Blockers: block action at beta receptor sites to slow HR, decrease BP and decrease contractility.
**Do NOT give diabetic= masks S&S of Hypoglycemia

22
Q

Captopril, enalapril, fosinopril, lisinopril

A

First line treatment for Hypertension
ACE Inhibitor: block conversion of Ang1 and Ang II
Helps blood vessels relax and helps decrease pressure on heart.
** Good for Diabetic
Side Effect - Cough

23
Q

Cardizem (diltiazem); Procardia (nifedipine)

A

First line treatment for Hypertension
Calcium Channel Blockers: blocks entry of calcium ions into smooth muscle channels in arterials causing smooth muscle relaxation. Lower BP, slows HR.

24
Q

Cozaar (losartan); Diovan (valsartan)

A

First line treatment for Hypertension
Angiotensin II Antagonists (ARBs)
Inhibits constriction of vessels and increase release of H2O and Na.

25
Hydralazine (apresoline) Minoxidil Isordil (isosorbide)
2nd Line for Hypertension Vasodilartors: relaxes arterioles, lowers peripheral vas resis and BP. Can increase HR
26
- Ticlodipine (Ticlid) - Clopidogrel (Plavix) - Cilostazol (Pletal)
Antiplatelet agents: prevents platelet aggregation. does not breakup existing clots only stops new ones from forming. *Avoid Grapefruit Juice
27
Pentoxifylline (Trental)
Decreases blood viscosity
28
Streptokinase, urokinase | Tissue plasminogen activator (TPA)
Thrombolytic Therapy - used to breakup clot | Risk for severe bleeding
29
Lab to look at for a pt on Heparin Drip
PTT
30
Heparin Enoxaparin (Lovenox) Warfarin (Coumadin) Low molecular weight heparin
Anticoagulant Therapy Monitor PTINR Impact ability to coagulate when they are bleeding.
31
Antidote for too much coumadin? | Antidote for too much Heprin?
``` Coumadin= Vitamin K Heprin= Protamine sulfate ```
32
Simvastatin (Zocor); atorvastatin (Lipitor); rosuvastatin (Crestor)
Statins - Lowers blood lipids, LDL, Tgl and total cholesterol, raises HDL and Possibly decreases inflammation.