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Med Surg > Exam 3 - Meds Only > Flashcards

Exam 3 - Meds Only Flashcards

1
Q

Sulfonylureas - glipizide (Glucotrol); glyburide (Micronase, Diabeta, glimepride (Amaryl)

A
  • Secretagogue: stimulates insulin secretion from beta cell.
  • Constantly working - - could lead to hypoglycemia
  • take with food
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2
Q

Meglitinides - repaglinide (Prandin), nateglinide (Starlix)

A
  • Stimulate a rapid and short lived release of insulin from the pancreas
  • Burst of insulin - - then it stops
  • Take with food
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3
Q

Biguanide - metformin (Glucophage), metformin ER (Glumetza)

A
  • *First Line for Type 2**
  • Reduces hepatic glucose production
  • Sensitizer: increases insulin sensitivity to peripheral uptake
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4
Q

Thiazolidineodione - pioglitazone (Actos), rosiglitazone (Avandia)

A
  • Makes tissues more sensitive to insulin

- Sensitizer: increases insulin sensitivity to peripheral uptake

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5
Q

a-glucosidase inhibitor - acarbose (Precose), miglitol (Glyset)

A

Take with very 1st bite of every meal or don’t take at all. Food gets absorbed further down GI tract - causes cramps, gas, GI problems.

  • Slows absorption of food in stomach
  • Slows absorption of glucose, slows postprandial hyperglycemia.
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6
Q

DPP-4 Inhibitors - sitagliptin (Januvia), saxagliptin (Onglyza), linagliptin (Tradjenta)

A
  • Enhances the incretin system, stimulates release of insulin from pancreatic B cells.
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7
Q

SGLT2 Inhibitors - Canagliflozin (Invokana), dapagliflozin (farxiga)

A
  • Sodium-glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2) works in the kidney to reabsorb glucose, this new class of medication, SGLT2 inhibitors, blocks this action causing excess glucose to be eliminated in urine.
  • At risk for UTI because of increase in glucose in urine.
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8
Q

Bile Acid Sequestrant (BAS) - colesevelam (Welchol)

A

A cholesterol lowering medication that also reduces blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes.

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9
Q

Dopamine Receptor Agonist - Bromocitine (Cycloset)

A

Increases CNS dopamine receptor activity, increases insulin sensitivity and decreases A1C by improving postprandial hepatic glucose metabolism and increasing glucose uptake.

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10
Q

Incretins (Injections but not insulin)

Exenatide (Byetta), Exenatide ER once-weekly (Bydureon), Liraglutide (Victoza)

A

Stimulates release of insulin, decrease glucagon secretion, increase satiety, decrease gastric emptying

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11
Q

Amylin Analog (Injections but not insulin) - Pramlintide (Symlin)

A

Decrease gastric emptying, decrease glucagon secretions and endogenous glucose output from the liver, increase satiety

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12
Q

Insulin - Lispro or Aspart

A

Rapid Acting

  • Onset: 15 min
  • Peak: 60-90 min
  • Duration: 2-4 hrs
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13
Q

Insulin - Human Regular

mix with Human NPH

A

NPO/Tube feeding

  • Onset: 30-60 min
  • Peak: 2-3 hrs
  • Duration: 3-6 hrs
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14
Q

Insulin - Human NPH

mix with Human Regular

A

Intermediate Acting

  • Onset: 2-4 hrs
  • Peak: 4-10 hrs
  • Duration: 10-16 hrs
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15
Q

Insulin - Glargine

A

Long Acting

  • Onset: 1-2 hrs
  • Peak: Peakless
  • Duration: 24 hrs
  • Crystallizes under skin because different pH than body; slowly adjusts to the bodies pH
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16
Q

The medication that should be used with caution in patients with diabetes and respiratory disorders

A

Beta Blockers
DM – hypoglycemia unawareness
Resp – beta 2 non-selective

17
Q

Why is insulin not a pill?

A

Can’t get passed the GI tract before it gets destroyed and not able to be absorbed.

18
Q

Hydrodiuril (hydrochlorathiazide)

A

First line treatment for Hypertension

Thiazide Diuretics: promotes renal excretion of water, Na, K, H.

19
Q

Lasix (furosemide)

A

First line treatment for Hypertension

Loop Diuretic: inhibits absorption of Na & Cl from ascending loop of Henle

20
Q

Sprionaldactone

A

First line treatment for Hypertension

Potassium sparing Diuretic: competes with aldosterone for receptor sites in distal renal tubes.

21
Q

Lopressor (metoprolol)

Tenormin (atenolol)

A

First line treatment for Hypertension
Beta Blockers: block action at beta receptor sites to slow HR, decrease BP and decrease contractility.
**Do NOT give diabetic= masks S&S of Hypoglycemia

22
Q

Captopril, enalapril, fosinopril, lisinopril

A

First line treatment for Hypertension
ACE Inhibitor: block conversion of Ang1 and Ang II
Helps blood vessels relax and helps decrease pressure on heart.
** Good for Diabetic
Side Effect - Cough

23
Q

Cardizem (diltiazem); Procardia (nifedipine)

A

First line treatment for Hypertension
Calcium Channel Blockers: blocks entry of calcium ions into smooth muscle channels in arterials causing smooth muscle relaxation. Lower BP, slows HR.

24
Q

Cozaar (losartan); Diovan (valsartan)

A

First line treatment for Hypertension
Angiotensin II Antagonists (ARBs)
Inhibits constriction of vessels and increase release of H2O and Na.

25
Q

Hydralazine (apresoline)
Minoxidil
Isordil (isosorbide)

A

2nd Line for Hypertension
Vasodilartors: relaxes arterioles, lowers peripheral vas resis and BP.
Can increase HR

26
Q
  • Ticlodipine (Ticlid)
  • Clopidogrel (Plavix)
  • Cilostazol (Pletal)
A

Antiplatelet agents: prevents platelet aggregation. does not breakup existing clots only stops new ones from forming.
*Avoid Grapefruit Juice

27
Q

Pentoxifylline (Trental)

A

Decreases blood viscosity

28
Q

Streptokinase, urokinase

Tissue plasminogen activator (TPA)

A

Thrombolytic Therapy - used to breakup clot

Risk for severe bleeding

29
Q

Lab to look at for a pt on Heparin Drip

A

PTT

30
Q

Heparin
Enoxaparin (Lovenox)
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Low molecular weight heparin

A

Anticoagulant Therapy
Monitor PTINR
Impact ability to coagulate when they are bleeding.

31
Q

Antidote for too much coumadin?

Antidote for too much Heprin?

A 
Coumadin= Vitamin K
Heprin= Protamine sulfate
32
Q

Simvastatin (Zocor); atorvastatin (Lipitor); rosuvastatin (Crestor)

A

Statins - Lowers blood lipids, LDL, Tgl and total cholesterol, raises HDL and Possibly decreases inflammation.

Med Surg (20 decks)

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