Chapter 15 - Infection Flashcards
To what is the increase in emerging and untreatable infections attributed?
a. The evolution of new infectious agents
b. Use of antibiotic to treat viral infections
c. Human population encroahment into wilderness areas
e. An increased number of immunosuppressed and chronically ill people
The three antibiotic resistant bacteria that are of most current concern in North America are:
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA); Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE); penicillin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae (PRSP)
WHat are the recommended measures to prevent transmission of HAI’s?
a. Use personal protective equiptment
b. Hand washing or alcohol based sanitizing
A patient with diarrhea has been diagnosed with Clostridium Difficile. Along with standard precautions, which kind of transmission based precautions will be used when the nurse is caring for this patient?
Contact precautions
A 78 year old patient has developed Haemophilus Influenzae, In addition to standard precautions, what should the nurse use to protect herself and other patients when working within 3 feet of the patient?
Mask
An 82 year old male patient with pneumonia who is in intensive care unit is begining to have decreased cognitive function. What should the nurse first suspect as a potential cause of this change?
Infection
The nurse realized that the patient understands the teaching about decreasing the risk for antibiotic-resistant infection when the patient says which of the following?
“I will follow the directions for taking the antibiotic so I will get over this infection.”
In each of the following situations, identify which option has the highest risk for HIV transmission:
Transmission to women OR to men during sexual intercourse
Women
In each of the following situations, identify which option has the highest risk for HIV transmission:
Hollow bore needle used for vascular access OR used for IM injection
Vascular access
In each of the following situations, identify which option has the highest risk for HIV transmission:
First 2-6 months of infection OR 1 year after infection
First 2-6 months
In each of the following situations, identify which option has the highest risk for HIV transmission:
Perinatal transmission from HIV infected mothers taking antiretroviral therapy OR HIV infected mothers using no therapy
Using no therapy
In each of the following situations, identify which option has the highest risk for HIV transmission:
A splash exposure of HIV infected blood on skin with an open lesion OR a needle stick exposure to HIV infected blood
A needle-stick
