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Exam 2 Meds Only Flashcards

1
Q

Which drug is given before and after surgery to increase gastric emptying?

A

(Reglan) Metocloprmide

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2
Q

Atropine

Pre-Op Usual Dose

A

0.4 mg IM 30-60 minutes before anesthesia

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3
Q

Atropine

Side Effects

A

tachycardia
fever
flushed

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4
Q

Atropine

Pre-Op Uses

A

decrease pharyngeal secretions
decreases anxiety
reduces side effects of anesthesia agents
induce amnesia

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5
Q

glycopyrrolate (Robinul)

A

similar to Atropine

decrease pharyngeal secretions, decreases anxiety, reduce side effects of anesthesia agents, induce amnesia

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6
Q

Scopolamine

Route

A

patch worn behind the ear

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7
Q

Scopolamine

Uses

A

prevents nausea

decreases oral and respiratory secretions

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8
Q

Sedatives, Hypnotics, & Anxiolytics

Action

A

CNS Depressants

Someone can get a combo of drugs from these categories but they’ll be in smaller doses b/c they have an additive effect

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9
Q

Sedatives, Hypnotics, & Anxiolytics

Subclasses

A

Benzodiazepines
Barbituates
Non-benzodiazepine/non-barbituate

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10
Q

Benzodiazepines

Action

A 
Potentiate GABA (gamaamniobutyric acid) -
an inhibitory neurotransmitter that results in CNS depression
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11
Q

Benzodiazepines

Uses

A

decrease anxiety
induce sedation
amnesic effects

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12
Q

Benzodiazepines

Examples

A

midazolam (Versed)
lorazepam (Ativan)

**benzos end in “lam” or “pam”

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13
Q

What anti-emetic drug is commonly given before, during and after surgery? Side effects?

A

(Zofran) ondansetron

Respiratory depression and lethargy

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14
Q

Common drug name for proton pump inhibitor. Prevents nausea and vomiting and gastric reflux. Reduces acidity.

A

(Prilosec) omeprazole

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15
Q

What drugs potentiate GABA, decrease anxiety, induce sedation, have amnesic effects and create CNS depression.
Used for MAC induce neuromuscular relaxation and decrease muscle spasms.

A

(Versed) midazolam
(Ativan) lorazepam
-Both Benzodiazepines

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16
Q

If these drugs are used you decrease the amount of anasthesia needed, decrease anxiety, increase pain control and cause sedation.

A

Opioids
Common mentioned in ppt
Morphine, fentanl (sublimaze) and hydromorphone (dilaudid)

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17
Q

Mainly used to decrease pharyngeal secretions.

A

Atropine - An anticholinergic
Also decreases anxiety and reduces the effects of anasthetic agents.
Side effects are flushed, fever and tacycardia

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18
Q

Drug similar to atropine?

A

(Robinul) glycopyrrolate- an anticholinergic

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19
Q

Anticholinergic that prevents nausea and decreases respiratory secretions. Often a patch.

A

Scopolamine

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20
Q

metoclopramide (Reglan)

Uses

A

increases gastric emptying

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21
Q

Neuromuscular Blocking agents

facilitate intibation and promote paralysis during general anasthesia

A

(Anectine)- succinylcholine
(Norcuron) - vecuronium
(Zemuron) - rocuronium

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22
Q

Antibiotics

Use

A

decrease risk of post-op wound infection

must monitor for allergic reaction

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23
Q

General anesthesia Inhalation meds

Volatile liquids

A

(Forane)-isoflurane
(Suprane)-desflurane
(Ultane)-sevoflurane

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24
Q

IV general anesthesia meds

barbituate with fast acting rapid induction

A

(Pentothal)-thiopental

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25
IV general anesthesia meds | non-barbituate hypnotic
(diprivan)- propofol Michael Jackson :( | (Amidate) - etomidate
26
Most common meds used for MAC
Fentanol and versed
27
treatment for malignant hyperthermia
Dantrolene
28
Opiod antagonist
Narcan
29
Narcotic analgesics | Examples
morphine fentanyl (Sublimaze) hydromorphone hydrochloride (Dilaudid)
30
Narcotic analgesics | Uses
relieves pain decreases anxiety sedation
31
Opioids | Uses
relieve anxiety | diminish the amount of anesthesia needed
32
Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) | Example
omeprazole (Prilosec)
33
General Anesthesia | Step#4
Emergence | either let meds wear off or give anecdote to cause pt to wake up
34
Antiemetics | Examples
ondasetron (Zofran) | metoclopramide (Reglan)
35
ondasetron (Zofran) | Side Effects
respiratory depression | lethargy
36
ondasetron (Zofran) | Administered when?
given before, during, and after surgery
37
metoclopramide (Reglan) | Uses
increases gastric emptying
38
Name an adjuvant agent that decreases inflammation
Corticosteroids
39
Name an adjuvant agent that relieves muscle spasms
Anxiolytics - Inhibits anxiety
40
Name an adjuvant agent that is used for chronic pain
(Elavil) - a tricyclic antidepressant
41
Types of Regional Anesthesia
``` Spinal Epidural Caudal Peripheral nerve block IV regional extremity block ```
42
Meds used to treat somrthing else and found to be useful in in treating other ailments as well.
Adjuvant agents
43
metoclopramide (Reglan) | Administered when?
before and after surgery
44
Antibiotics | Use
decrease risk of post-op wound infection
45
Antibiotics | Timed administration
given within 1 hour of first incision and may be continued for 24 hours post-op
46
Antibiotics | Type
broad spectrum
47
General Anesthetics | Action
produce state of unconsciousness and whole body anesthesia by depressing CNS and blocking pain stimuli in cerebral cortex (pt must be intubated)
48
TIVA
total intravenous anesthesia
49
Regional Anesthesia | Disadvantages
``` nerve damage urinary retention spinal headache difficult to position patients if they have arthritis patient may twitch during surgery ```
50
General Anesthesia | Advantages
no movement, no twitches
51
General Anesthesia | Disadvantages
severe hemodynamic changes must monitor cardiovascular and respiratory systems CNS depression Depresses all vital centers of the body
52
General Anesthesia | Step #1
Pre-induction | versed or ativan = to help pt relax and helps with induction phase of anesthesia
53
General Anesthesia | Step #2
Induction | short acting med (ex: nitrous oxide) to produce unconsciousness and neuro blocking to cause paralysis
54
General Anesthesia | Step #3
Maintenance | may have meds changed depending on length of surgery, keep client anesthetized
55
General Anesthesia | Step#4
Emergence | either let meds wear off or give anecdote to cause pt to wake up
56
Barbiturate IV General Anesthesia Med
thiopental (Pentothal) | rapid induction
57
Nonbarbiturate Hypnotic IV General Anesthesia Meds
etomidate (Amidate) | proprfol (Dipravan)
58
Inhalation (volatile liquids) General Anesthesia Meds
isoflurane (Forane) desflurane (Suprane) sevoflurane (Ultane) **all end in -ane
59
nitrous oxide | uses
potentiate volatile agents which speeds induction reduces total dose of general anesthesia good analgesic potency
60
Neuromuscular Blocking Agents | Uses
facilitate intubation | promote neuromuscular relaxation (paralysis)
61
Neuromuscular Blocking Agents | Examples
succinylcholine (Anectine) vecuronium (Norcuron) rocuronium (Zemuron)
62
Reversal-anticholinesterase agents
neostigmine pyridostigmine **end in -stigmine
63
Types of Regional Anesthesia
``` Spinal Epidural Caudal Peripheral nerve block IV regional extremity block ```
64
Spinal Regional Anesthesia
local anesthetic injected into subarachnoid space involves lower half of body does not affect consciousness
65
Risks of Spinal Anesthesia
CNS depression if anesthetic reaches higher levels infection nerve damage
66
Epidural Anesthesia
local anesthetic injected into epidural space a T, L, or S level can become spinal block if the doc goes in too far
67
Caudal Anesthesia
injected into the epidural space but into the sacral canal
68
Peripheral Nerve Block
anesthetizes individual nerves or nerve plexuses
69
IV Regional Extremity Block
injected into vein to anesthetize limb
70
Regional Anesthesia | Advantages
no CNS depression | doesn't impact respiratory or cardiovascular systems
71
Regional Anesthesia | Disadvantages
``` nerve damage urinary retention spinal headache difficult to position patients if they have arthritis patient may twitch during surgery ```
72
Topical Anesthesia
applied directly to the area to be desensitized
73
Infiltration Anesthesia
injection of local anesthetic into skin or subcutaneous tissue (similar to Novocaine at the dentist)
74
Field Block Anesthesia
injection of anesthetic into area around incision. a deeper injection than infiltration, have to go layer by layer
75
On-q Pump
needle is placed just under skin and delivers anesthesia for 24 hours
76
Local Anesthetic | Disadvantages
skin irritation may not work or be as effective patient can still feel the pressure
77
Monitored Anesthesia Care (MAC)
provides anxiolysis, amnesia, and analgesia while avoiding a depth of sedation that would require respiratory support. speeds up post-op recovery and lessens anesthetic risks. physician supervision is always required. resuscitative equipment nearby. versed and fentanyl are the most common.
78
acupuncture
ancient Chinese technique using insertion of needles into meridians of the body. may be related to gate control theory by stimulating larger sensory nerve fibers or triggering endorphins.
79
crythermia
use of cold to induce anesthesia
80
Elavil (tricyclic antidepressants) - adjuvant use
adjuvant agent used for chronic pain
81
anxiolytics - adjuvant use
adjuvant agent used for muscle spasm
82
corticosteroids - adjuvant use
adjuvant agent used to decrease inflammation
83
anticonvulsant - adjuvant use gabapentin (Neurontin) pregabalin (Lyrica)
adjuvant agents used for neuropathic pain

Med Surg (20 decks)

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