Acid Base Imbalance

Question 1

What are 3 ways to balance

Answer 1

1. Blood Buffer - immediate response
2. Lungs - immediately
3. Kidneys - slowest 2-3 days to impact

Question 2

Respiratory Alkalosis

Answer 2

H pH/ L PCO2
Excess elimination of CO2
Hyperventilating
- Pneumonia
- Change in altitude
- Anxiety
High RR, light headed, confused, Low blood flow to brain because breathing so fast.
MGMT: calm down, rebreather mask; paper bag
EX: Brain Injury

Question 3

Respiratory Acidosis

Answer 3

L pH/ H PCO2
Excess CO2 retention or production
Hypoventilation: breathe slower, not getting CO2 out of body
Tremors, seizures
Hyperkalemia
Treat disorder and Give O2
EX: Acute Resp Failure

Question 4

Metabolic Alkalosis

Answer 4

H pH/ H HCO3
Excess base or H+ deficit
- vomit
- NG tube w/ suction
Hypoventilation
MGMT: replace loss fluids, watch K, Diamox, diaretic promotes loss of bicarb in urine.

Question 5

Metabolic Acidosis

Answer 5

L pH/ L HCO3
Loss of base (diarrhea) or buildup of acid (shock increases Lactic Acid) or DKA (ketones acidic
Hyperventilation (Kussmaul respirations)
Fruity odor to breath
Hypotension; dysrthmias
Hyperkalemia: Acid (H+ ion) shifts into cell and pushes K+ out
Can lead to organ dysfunction; intensive care.
EX: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus