Exam 3: Lecture 9 - Wildlife Conservation and One Health Flashcards
Why do ecosystems do?
Functions through a complex web of interactions between organisms and the enviornment where energy flows through food chains and nutrients are recycled
T/F: Human benefit from the service ecosystems provide?
true
What is the following an example of?
Vultures are considered natures sanitation service because of the important role they play in removing dead animals that contain bacteria and pathogens from our enviornment - without them, disease can spread
Role that wildlife plays in the ecosystem
Researchers compared human death rates (___%) in indian districts that once thrived with vultures to those with historically low vulture populations. they also examined rabies vaccines sales, feral dog counts and pathogen levels in the water supply
+4%
“Understanding the role _____ play in human health underscore the importance of protecting wildlife, and not just the cute and cuddly. they all have a job to do in our ecosystem that impacts our lives”
vultures
How do veternarians help wild life and ensure environmental health?
- Wild life conservation
- Disease surveillance
What is defined as:
- veternarians work in field research and conservation programs, conducting health assessments of wild populations
wildlife conservation
What is defined as:
- Detection and response to wildlife disease outbreaks, working with organizations like the national wildlife health center and USDA wildlife services
Disease surveillance
What is defined as:
- Oral rabies vaccine baits are deployed in fox and racoon population to reduce human and domestic animal rabies cases
Disease surveillance
What is the job of a free ranging wildlife veterinarian
provide technical expertise to the agency, to conserve and manage fish and wildlife populations, and help recover endangered species
T/F: In a way, wildlife veterinarians can be the lest important link between public perceptions of wildlife and economic and health interests of people and their animals?
False!! they are most important
What is conservation?
The responsible management and sustainable use of natural resources to ensure their long term availability while maintaining environmental health and ecosystem balance
What is defined as:
- habitation restoration
- Wildlife population management
- Sustainable hunting or fishing practices
conservation
Wild life ______ can be the most important link between public perceptions of wildlife, economics, and health interest of people and their animals
Veterinarians
T/F: Wildlife conservation emerged as a social and political movement in the United States and Canada during the 19th century
True
The movement of wildlife conservation was led by _____ who decried the devestation losses of wildlife caused by “market hunters” - those who profit from hunting
sport hunters
What is defined as:
- the government holds wildlife in trust for the benefit of all people
Wildlife is public property
What is defined as:
- The principle that eliminates trafficking in game animals
wildlife cannot be slaughtered for commercial use
What is defined as:
- Every citizen in good standing - regardless of wealth, social standing, or land ownership - is allowed to participate in the harvest of fish and wildlife within guidelines set by state and federal governments
Wildlife is allocated by law
What is defined as:
- in the spirit of fair chase and with good cause. animals can be killed only for legitimate purposes - for food and fur, in self-defense, or for protection of property
Wildlife shall be taken by legal and ethical means
What is defined as:
- Hunting and fishing shall be managed cooperatively across state, provinical, and national boundries
Wildlife is an international resource
T/F: Wildlife management, use, and conservation shall be based on sound scietific knowledge and principles
True
What is defined as:
- This gives all persons - wealthy and poor, landowner and non-landowner alike - the oppertunity to particpate
Hunting, fishing, and trapping shall be dramatic
Are conservation and preservation the same thing?
No
______ is different, with the goal of protecting nature from human use and interference, aiming to keep ecosystems intact in their natural state
Preservation
habitat protection, minimal human activity, and sustainable hunting and fishing are examples of ?
Preservation
What national park was one of the first well known preservation efforts where wildlife such as bison and wolves are protecting from hunting, human development and habitat modification
Yellowstone national park
Define Exploitation
unsustainable use or overuse of natural resouces, often leading to habitat destruction, population declines, and ecosystem imbalances
Overhunting/fishing, deforestation, illegal wildlife trade and global trade/invasive species movements are all examples of ?
Exploitation
Coal mine reclamation using resistant _____ to improve habitat on mountain tops
Chestnut
- Culturally and ecologically important species in eastern US
- enhances wildlife populations
- Reclaim soil quality
Invasive species (______ ______) introduced and decimated chestnut; changed forest in forage and habitat metrics
blight fungus
What bill was enacted in response to declining populations of animals and plants
Endangered species act - ESA (1973)
ESA was designed to protect and recover species at risk of _____ and to promote the ______ of ecosystems and habitats necessary for the survival for the survival of those species
extinction
conversation
In theory, each species is a part of the web of life with a unique role, cultural and biological, in their communities, performing services that are essential to our combined well being. By conserving them, guided by the best available science, we help protect ……?
health air, land and water for everyone
What is defined as:
- the destruction and modification of habitat, pollution, and hunting a few of the factors that explain population declines
Endangered species act - 1973
What is defined as:
- “Wild ones” explores the environment and cultural history of popular culture and wild animals in america
Charismatic megafauna
The interest of wildlife professionals and the public in the economics, safety, and health impacts of human-wildlife interactions has grown as more people have become aware of and experienced negative consequences of wildlife presence, which includes???
- damage to property by habituated wildlife in human-dominated landscapes
- Threats to pets and livestock
- Emerging infectious disease (EID)
- wildlife - associated zoonoses
List some examples of Trends in wild-life associated zoonoses that play into the One Health context of Wildlife Conservation
- Lyme disease
- West Nile virus encephalitis
- Chronic Wasting Disease
- Zoonotic avian influenza
What is the conflict with one health context of wildlife conservation
wildlife conservation and public health perception
As human population grown = ______ shrinks
natural habitats
What should we think and reflect on when it comes to one health and wildlife conservation
Does the fear of wildlife disease exceed human support for the benefits provided by wildlife presence
Although emerging diseases or humans and domestic animals are assumed to be maintained in wildlife, reservoirs or reserivors host are ____ ______
rarely identified
How are emergent infectious diseased managed?
through large scale actions directed towards suspected resivors of infection
- sometimes these actions stem from perceived notions of resevoir hosts and where infectious agents reside may not be measured directly
Characteristics of reservoirs include?
- that infectious in reservoir hosts are nonpathogenic
- Any natural host is a reservoir host
- the Reservoirmust be different species
- Reservoirs are economically unimportant hosts
- Reservoirs may be primary or secondary hosts
We have ____ understanding or the epidemology of multi-host pathogens
limited
____ must be defined with reference to particular target populations. Disapperance of this pathogen in the target population after intervention (EX: fencing) provides categorical evidence of the existence of a reservoir and its possible identity
Reservoirs
Understading reservoir infection dynamic is ______
essential
What type of studies have been required to determine wheather a particular species is a resivor host, a source of infection, or one that has been infected incidentally
intervention studies
control measures of reservoir host are likely to be _____ if they are directed at componets of the reservoir that are neither hosts nor transmitters of the pathogens to the target populations
ineffective
Explain how working with threatened and endangered species impacts the overally health of the world ecosystems
ecosystems good and services, tourism
How can wildlife conservation goals conflict public perception
- perceived risks of EIDS can swamp out conservation of wildlife habitat
- Human and animal health and economics
