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2025 Exam block 5 > Exam 3: Lecture 27/28 - Rabbits vs. Rodents > Flashcards

Exam 3: Lecture 27/28 - Rabbits vs. Rodents Flashcards

1
Q

What is important to note about the skin of rabbits?

A

-Very delicate
-Can easily tear or rip when clipping fur

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2
Q

The ____ rabbit possesses a dewlap

A

Female

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3
Q

What do rabbits lack (when talking about skin & hair in general)

A

-Rabbits lack footpads

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4
Q

Where are the pododermatitis risks in rabbits?

A

-@ points of the hock and tips of third phalanges

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5
Q

Where are the only glandrous areas of rabbits?

A

-Nose tip
-Scrotal sacs
-Inguinal folds

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6
Q

What/where are the scent glands in rabbits?

A

-Chin gland
-Perineal glands
-Inguinal glands

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7
Q

Why is it important to know where the scent glands are in rabbits?

A

-They are areas you need to be checking for dermatitis or infections during physical exams

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8
Q

What is shown in this image?

A

-Scent marking with chin gland

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9
Q

What is shown in this image?

A

-Inguinal scent glands

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10
Q

What is shown in this image?

A

-Perineal scent glands

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11
Q

In rabbits, the cornea of the eye makes up ___% of the eyeball

A

30%

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12
Q

How is the rabbit eye positioned in the skull & what does it allow?

A

-Lateral position of eye globe in skull
-Allows wide field of view by O.U.

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13
Q

O.U. =

A

-Ocular universal
-Both eyes

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14
Q

O.D. =

A

-Ocular dexter
-Right eye

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15
Q

O.S. =

A

-Ocular sinister
-Left eye

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16
Q

What traits do rabbit and horses share when talking about their oral cavities?

A

-Elongated snout
-Cheek teeth are hypsodont teeth
-Don’t open mouth wide (b/c only eat forage)

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17
Q

How many incisors total do rabbits have?

A

-6 total

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18
Q

Where are rabbits incisors located?

A

-Upper L = 2 incisors
-Upper R = 2 incisors
-Lower R = 1 incisor
-Lower L = 1 incisor

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19
Q

What is different between rabbit and other rodent incisors?

A

-Rodents only have 1 single incisor in all 4 quadrants
-Rabbits have 6 incisors total in the 4 quadrants

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20
Q

What is a major area you have to deal with when rabbits come into your clinic?

A

-Lagomorph peg teeth
-Malocclusion of teeth

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21
Q

What facial muscle is enlarged in rabbits and why?

A

-Tremendously large Masseter muscles because rabbits grind food using cheek teeth

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22
Q

What is shown by the yellow arrow?

A

-Peg teeth

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23
Q

What is indicated by the blue star in rabbits?

A

-2nd incisor (peg tooth)

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24
Q

What is indicated by the blue star in rabbits?

A

-1st incisor

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25
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Premolars

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26
Q

What is indicated by the blue star in rabbits?

A

-Molars

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27
Q

What kind of GIT do rabbits have?

A

-Hindgut fermenters (similar to horses)

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28
Q

How does ingesta travel from mouth to anus in the rabbit?

A
  1. Oral cavity (1st phase)
  2. Esophagus
  3. Stomach (2nd phase)
  4. Small intestine (3rd phase)
  5. Ileocecocolonic junction
  6. Cecum (4th phase)
  7. Colon
  8. Anus
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29
Q

What are key features of the rabbit GIT?

A

-Very large cecum
-Fairly large colon
-Rabbits are prone to colic b/c obstructions or problems in the GIT

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30
Q

What is indicated by the blue arrow? (Rabbit GIT)

A

-Esophagus

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31
Q

What is indicated by the blue arrow? (Rabbit GIT)

A

-Stomach

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32
Q

What is indicated by the blue arrow? (Rabbit GIT)

A

-Cecal appendix

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33
Q

What is indicated by the blue arrow? (Rabbit GIT)

A

-Small intestine

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34
Q

What is indicated by the blue arrow? (Rabbit GIT)

A

-Ileo-cecal valve

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35
Q

What is indicated by the blue arrow? (Rabbit GIT)

A

-Cecum

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36
Q

What is indicated by the blue arrow? (Rabbit GIT)

A

-Proximal colon

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37
Q

What is indicated by the blue arrow? (Rabbit GIT)

A

-Distal colon

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38
Q

What is indicated by the blue arrow? (Rabbit GIT)

A

-Rectum

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39
Q

What is indicated by the blue arrow? (Rabbit GIT)

A

-Anus

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40
Q

Rabbits have an elongated ____ for fermentation

A

cecum

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41
Q

What is indicated by the blue arrow? (Rabbit GIT)

A

-Duodenum (of small intestine)

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42
Q

What is indicated by the blue arrow? (Rabbit GIT)

A

-Jejuno-ileum (of small intestine)

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43
Q

What is indicated by the blue arrow? (Rabbit GIT)

A

-Cecum

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44
Q

What is indicated by the blue arrow? (Rabbit GIT)

A

-Appendix

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45
Q

What is indicated by the blue arrow? (Rabbit GIT)

A

-Colon (large intestine)

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46
Q

When you open a rabbit abdomen, what is one of the 1st organs you will run into that lies in the caudal aspect of the peritoneal cavity?

A

-Cecum

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47
Q

What is the arrow pointing to?

A

-Cecum

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48
Q

What is A?

A

-Stomach

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49
Q

What is B?

A

-Small intestine (jejunum)

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50
Q

What is C?

A

-Cecum

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51
Q

What is D?

A

-Ileum

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52
Q

What is E?

A

-Colon

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53
Q

What is A?

A

-Lymphoid appendix

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54
Q

What is B?

A

-Saculus Rotundus

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55
Q

What is C?

A

-Duodenum

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56
Q

What is D?

A

-Ileocecal junction

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57
Q

What do A & B have in common? (Rabbit GIT)

A

-Both are GALT (gut-associated lymphoid tissue)

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58
Q

What does aborad mean?

A

-Going away from the mouth

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59
Q

What part of the rabbit GIT is shown by 1?

60
Q

What part of the rabbit GIT is shown by 2?

A

-Sacculus rotundus

61
Q

What part of the rabbit GIT is shown by 3?

A

-Body of cecum

62
Q

What part of the rabbit GIT is shown by 4?

A

-Vermiform appendix

63
Q

What part of the rabbit GIT is shown by 5?

A

-Ampulla coli

64
Q

What part of the rabbit GIT is shown by 6?

A

-Proximal colon

65
Q

What part of the rabbit GIT is shown by 7?

A

-Fusus coli

66
Q

What part of the rabbit GIT is shown by 8?

A

-Distal colon

67
Q

What type of rabbit feces is shown?

A

-Caecotroph

68
Q

What type of rabbit feces is shown?

69
Q

What is “coprophagy”?

A

-Feces ingestion

70
Q

What is caecotroph rabbit feces?

A

-Night feces
-Recycled back to GIT through coprophagy
-Pulls AAs, fats, etc. from these feces
-Feces freshly coming out of L.I. that has been fermented through cecum & processing different AAs, and they eat those feces

71
Q

What are some unique features of rabbits reproduction tract?

A

-Rabbits have 2 cervix
-Have delicate & duplex uterus

72
Q

Why do rabbits have a duplex uterus?

A

-Can breed & make litters rapidly through the breeding season
-Evolved to be able to make more babies b/c they are such a popular item on the food chain

73
Q

Why is it difficult to spay a rabbit?

A

-Because they have a delicate uterus

74
Q

Identify structures A, B, & C

A

A: Vulva
B: Inguinal scent glands
C: Anus

75
Q

When looking at a rabbit uterus, what are things to make note of?

A

-2 cervix going into uterus
-Lots of adipose (fat) in broad lig. or mesometrium of rabbits uterus on both side
-No substantial suspensory lig.
-Numerous large vessels in broad lig.

76
Q

What is this arrow showing?

A

-Uterine left horn

77
Q

What is shown by the arrow?

A

-Ovary of female rabbit

78
Q

What do we call a female rabbit?

79
Q

What do we call a male rabbit?

80
Q

The ovary and uterine horns in rabbits are _____

81
Q

There is a lot of ______ in the broad ligament of the rabbit

A

-Adipose tissue (fat)

82
Q

What is A, B, & C? (Rabbit female reproduction)

A

A: Ovary
B: Broad lig. (fat filled)
C: Uterus (duplex)

83
Q

What is super important to remember about neutering a male rabbit?

A

Males have a fat pad in the inguinal ring
-Important to guard the fat pad & put restraining suture on inguinal canal
-If fat pad is damaged or torn, more prone to have herniation of intestines into inguinal canal

84
Q

What structure in the male rabbit is indicated by the blue star indicating the yellow arrow?

85
Q

What structure in the male rabbit is indicated by the blue star indicating the yellow arrow?

A

-Inguinal fat pad

86
Q

What structure in the male rabbit is indicated by the blue star indicating the yellow arrow?

A

-Left testis

87
Q

What rabbit male internal genitalia is indicated by A, B, C, D, E?

A

A: Urinary bladder
B: Ductus deferens
C: Cranial fat pad
D: Testis
E: Tail of epididymis

88
Q

The testis in rabbits are

A

-very elongated
-Lateral to penis

89
Q

What is the route of the sperm?

A
  1. Spermatocytes develop in testis
  2. Prognosis through head of epididymis, body of epididymis and tail of epididymis
  3. Upon ejaculation, exit to ductus deferens up to accessory glands in the rabbit
90
Q

What are the differences in the rodent skull vs. rabbit skull?

A

-Incisor difference (6 total in rabbits, 4 total in rodents)
-Differences in the cheek teeth & how you care for them!

91
Q

There are more than ______ different species of rodents on Earth

A

2,000 (largest order of mammals)

92
Q

What is the natural habitat of the long-tailed Chinchilla & why?

A

-Andes Mountain & high elevation terrain
-Known for thick fur coat -> cold tolerant

93
Q

What animal is this?

A

-Chinchilla

94
Q

What is important to make note of on a Chinchilla skull?

A

-Chinchillas have a large tympanic bulla (gives them incredible hearing)
-Cheek teeth are hypsodont (like a horse)

95
Q

How many incisors do Chinchillas have?

A

-1 incisor in each quadrant

96
Q

Why are the rostral surfaces of Chinchilla incisors yellow-orange in color?

A

-Depends on the thickness of enamel (rostral has thicker enamel)

97
Q

What is instantly appreciated on this radiograph on the Chinchilla skull?

IGNORE THE PINK ARROWS

A

-Large size of the tympanic bulla

98
Q

What is shown by the vertical pink arrow?

A

-Chisel shape of incisor

99
Q

What are elodont teeth?

A

-Incisor teeth
-Continuously growing throughout life of mammal

100
Q

What are hypsodont teeth?

A

-high crowns to teeth
-Irregular occlusal surfaces, enamel crests & dentinal grooves, cheek teeth, both premolars & molars

101
Q

Enamel on the teeth is thicker ___ than ____

A

Thicker rostrally than caudally

102
Q

Rodent incisors are ____ type teeth

A

Elodont type

103
Q

____ is one of the hardest substances in mammalian body

A

Enamel (so wears slower)

104
Q

What are anelodont teeth?

A

-Premolars & molars
-Rooted, but not growing throughout life

105
Q

What are elodont teeth?

A

-Incisor teeth
-Continuously growing throughout life of mammal

106
Q

What are brachyodont teeth?

A

-Low crowns to teeth
-Premolars & molars
-Enamel over entire occlusal surfaces

107
Q

T/F: We float brachyodont teeth

A

FALSE!
-We float hypsodont teeth

108
Q

What type of teeth are rodent incisors?

A

-Elodont & hypsodont

109
Q

Gerbil, hamster, mouse, rat “cheek teeth”, premolars & molars are

A

-Anelodont & brachyodont teeth type (brachyodont b/c more omnivorous)

110
Q

What space is indicated by the blue star?

111
Q

What part of the rat GIT is indicated by the star?

A

-Single-chambered stomach

112
Q

What part of the rat GIT is indicated by the star?

A

-Small intestines

113
Q

What part of the rat GIT is indicated by the star?

A

-Slightly enlarged cecum

114
Q

What part of the rat GIT is indicated by the star?

A

-Ascending colon

115
Q

What part of the rat GIT is indicated by the star?

A

-Descending colon

116
Q

What part of the rat GIT is indicated by the star?

117
Q

The rat GIT is similar to the ____ GIT

118
Q

What is indicated by the arrow?

A

-Single-chambered stomach

119
Q

What is indicated by the arrow?

120
Q

What is indicated by the arrow?

A

-Small intestines

121
Q

What is indicated by the arrow?

A

-Descending colon

122
Q

Rat GI systems are a ____ type of mammal GI system

A

Omniverous

123
Q

What is important about the fat pad going to the testis in male rats?

A

-Bigger than testis
-Important it stays in place at external or superficial inguinal ring or will have herniation of intestines or viscera coming out of inguinal canal

124
Q

What is indicated by the star?

125
Q

What is indicated by the star?

126
Q

What is important about the Norway (Lab) rat?

A

-Do NOT possess a gallbladder!!
-Still produce bile in their liver, just no storage structure

127
Q

What species we have talked to up to this point do not have a gallbladder?

A

-Norway rat
-Horse

128
Q

What is an example of eating rodents and getting a zoonotic disease?

A

-Eating large gambian rat gave people monkeypox

129
Q

What kind of uterus do rats have?

A

-Duplex like rabbit
-Evolved to produce large litters b/c large prey animal

130
Q

Fill out A, B, C, D, E, F, & G in the image

A

A: Liver
B: Intestines
C: Stomach
D: Spleen
E: Kidneys
F: Descending colon
G: Uterus

131
Q

Fill out A, B, C, D in the image

A

A: Uterus
B: Ovary
C: Urinary bladder
D: Clitoral gland

132
Q

Rats have ___ uterine horns (& why)

A

-Elongated
-B/c very large litter sizes & often will have multiple litters a year

133
Q

What kind of lifespan do most rodents have?

A

-Short lifespans

134
Q

How can you tell if a rat is male or female?

A

-Male rats have very large testis

135
Q

What structure in the male rat is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Seminal vesicle

136
Q

What structure in the male rat is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Ductus deferens

137
Q

What is indicated by 1-10 on this image?

A
  1. Coagulating gland
  2. Urinary bladder
  3. Ductus Deferens
  4. Epididymis
  5. Small intestine
  6. Vesicular Glands
  7. Prostate Gland
  8. Penis (urethra runs inside)
  9. Testis
  10. Scrotum
138
Q

Rats have a ___ placenta

139
Q

Rats have ____ mammary gland pairs

A

6 pairs of mammary glands

140
Q

Why is it important that rats have a lot of mammary glands?

A

-Good models to study mammary gland tumors
-Have a lot because have large litters
-Thoracic mammary glands produce more milk

141
Q

What are the mammary glands in rats?

A

-3 thoracic
-1 abdominal
-2 inguinal

142
Q

What is shown in these images?

A

-Rat mammary glands

143
Q

Lab rats have a high prevalence of _______

A

Mammary gland neoplasia (older rats more prone, high risk of metastacies)

144
Q

What is shown?

A

-Mammary gland neoplasia in rats

145
Q

What is important about the pelvic symphysis in guinea pigs?

A

-If sow does not have litter prior to fusion of pubic symphysis by 6-9 months, dystocia is common (b/c symphysis is fused and fetus cannot pass)
-If sow has litter before fusion of pubic symphysis, cartilage union forms & symphysis remains open for life
-Cartilage union expands prior to parturition to allow passage of large feti

146
Q

A female guinea pig is a

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