Exam 3: Lecture 29/30 - Anatomy of the Ruminant Alimentary System Flashcards
What important vein supplies the udder and is something to look at during a PE to assess nutrition status and blood supply draining from the udder?
-“Milk vein”
-Subcutaneous abdominal v.
What is important to note about ruminants in the wild?
-Prey animals and rumination allows them to swallow food and run quick then later rest and regurgitate and chew cud
What are the components (in order of digesta from mouth to anus) of the 4 chambered stomach?
-Rumen (paunch)
-Reticulum (honeycomb)
-Omasum (Maniply)
-Abomasum (true stomach)
Digesta spends the longest time in the ______ (part of goat GIT)
Rumen
Liquid accumulates in the _____ (part of goat GIT)
Reticulum
How many liters or gallons do each chamber of the 4-chambered ruminant stomach hold?
-Rumen = 4-6 gallons
-Reticulum = 1-2 liters
-Omasum = 1 liter
-Abomasum = 3.5 liters
How long is the intestinal canal in goats?
-About 100 feet long (11 liters), or 25 times the length of a goat
What part of the digestive tract is shown by the blue arrow?
-Rumen
What part of the digestive tract is shown by the blue arrow?
-Reticulum
What part of the digestive tract is shown by the blue arrow?
-Omasum
What part of the digestive tract is shown by the blue arrow?
-Abomasum
What part of the digestive tract is shown by the blue arrow?
-Small Intestine
What part of the digestive tract is shown by the blue arrow?
-Large Intestine
What is the major difference in caprine and bovine species when talking about the multi-chambered stomach?
-Bovines stomach holds larger volumes
-Slightly different shape to the rumen in both
What is shown by A?
-Rumen
What is shown by B?
-Reticulum
What is shown by C?
-Omasum
What is shown by D?
-Abomasum
What is shown by 13?
-Caudodorsal blind sac
What is shown by 11?
-Dorsal coronary groove
What is shown by 7?
-Dorsal sac
What is shown by 8?
-Atrium
What is shown by 17?
-Right accessory groove
What is shown by 18?
-Insula
What is shown by 16?
-Right longitudinal groove
What is shown by 6?
-Caudal groove
What is shown by 14?
-Caudoventral blind sac
What is shown by 12?
-Ventral coronary groove
What is shown by 9?
-Ventral sac
What is shown by 1?
-Celiac a.
What is shown by 2?
-Hepatic a.
What is shown by 3?
-Splenic a. & v.
What is shown by 4?
-Right ruminal a. & v.
What is shown by 5?
-Left ruminal a.
What is shown by 6?
-Reticular a. & v.
What is shown by 7?
-Caudal esophageal brr.
What is shown by 8?
-Left gastric a. & v.
What is shown by 9?
-Left gastroepiploic a. & v.
What is shown by 10?
-Accessory reticular a. & v.
What is shown by 11?
-Right gastric a. & v.
What is shown by 12?
-Right gastroepiploic a. & v.
What is shown by 1?
-Dorsal curvature of the rumen
What is shown by 2?
-Ventral curvature of the rumen
What is shown by A?
-Rumen
What is shown by B?
-Reticulum
What is shown by C?
-Omasum
What is shown by D?
-Abomasum
What is shown by 3?
-Left longitudinal groove
What is shown by 4?
-Left accessory groove
What is shown by 5?
-Cranial groove
What is shown by 6?
-Caudal groove
What is shown by 7?
-Dorsal sac
What is shown by 8?
-Atrium
What is shown by 9?
-Ventral sac
What is shown by 10?
-Recess of ventral sac of rumen
What is shown by 11?
-Dorsal coronary groove
What is shown by 12?
-Ventral coronary groove
What is shown by 13?
-Caudodorsal blind sac
What is shown by 14?
-Caudoventral blind sac
What part of the bovine stomach will we only see a little bit of on the left side of the abdomen?
-Abomasum
The celiac a. splits into what in ruminants?
-Hepatic a.
-Splenic a.
-Left gastric a.
What is shown by 1?
-Celiac a.
What is shown by 3?
-Splenic a. & v.
What is shown by 5?
-Left ruminal a.
What is the 1st branch of the aorta in the abdominal cavity?
-Celiac a.
What artery & vein is in the right accessory groove?
-Right ruminal a. & v.
What artery & vein is on the greater curvature of the abomasum?
-Left gastroepiploic a. & v.
What is shown by A?
-Rumen
What is shown by B?
-Reticulum
What is shown by D?
-Abomasum
What is shown by 24?
-Cardia
What is shown by 23?
-Ruminoreticular fold
What is shown by 26?
-Right lip
What is shown by 27?
-Left lip
What is shown by 25?
-Reticular groove
What is shown by 28?
-Reticulo-omasal orifice
What is shown by 29?
-Reticular crests & cells
What is shown by 21?
-Papillae
What is shown by 8?
-Atrium
What is shown by 7?
-Dorsal sac
What is shown by 13?
-Caudodorsal blind sac
What is shown by 20?
-Pillars
What is shown by 18?
-Insula
What is shown by 19?
-Intraruminal orifice
What is shown by 10?
-Recess of ventral sac of rumen
What is shown by 9?
-Ventral sac
What is shown by 14?
-Caudoventral blind sac
What are the internal features of the bovine rumen?
-Carpet like appearance
What are the external features of the bovine rumen?
Surfaces: Parietal & visceral
Ends: cranial & caudal
Grooves:
-Cranial transverse
-Right & left longitudinal
-Right accessory
-Caudal transverse
Sac of rumen:
-Dorsal larger sac
-Ventral larger sac
-Caudo-dorsal blind sac
-Caudo-ventral blind sac
What are the external features of the rumen reticulum?
-Surfaces: parietal, visceral
-Curvatures: lesser, greater
-Ends: neck, fundus
What are the internal features of the bovine reticulum?
-Honeycomb appearance
What are the external features of the bovine omasum?
-Surfaces: right & left
-Curvatures: dorsal, ventral
-Ends: base & neck
What are the internal features of the bovine omasum?
-Possess laminae omasi
What are the external features of the abomasum?
Have 3 parts:
-Cranial blind fundus
-Longer body
-Caudal pyloric part
Surfaces: parietal, visceral
Curvatures: lesser, greater
What are the internal features of the abomasum?
-Possess larger permanent folds (plica abomasa)
What is important to note about the goat rumen vs the bovine rumen?
-Goat rumen doesn’t extend as far caudally as in bovine
-Dorsal caudal sac is not as large in goats
What is different about the kid goat stomach vs adult goat stomach?
Kid goat:
-Most calories coming in through moms milk so similar to monogastric stomach
-Abomasum = 70%
-Rumen = 30%
Adult goat:
-Abomasum = 7%
-Rumen = 80%
What are the percentages of the neonatal bovine stomach compartments?
-Rumen = 15%
-Reticulum = 5%
-Omasum = 10%
-Abomasum = 60% (abomasum is doing most of the work using milk from mom)
What part of the goat stomach is shown by the blue arrow?
-Rumen
What part of the goat stomach is shown by the blue arrow?
-Omasum
What part of the goat stomach is shown by the blue arrow?
-Reticulum
What part of the goat stomach is shown by the blue arrow?
-Abomasum (same shape as dog stomach)
What are the ingesta components in the rumen from top to bottom?
-Liquid component
-Fibrous component
-“Cud” component (solid)
How does the ingesta pass starting at esophagus?
- Food comes down the esophagus (recycled re-chewed food)
- Drops into the rumen
- As it becomes a different consistency, flows over into reticulum & proceeds on its way orad to aborad
(Rumen -> Reticulum -> Omasum -> Abomasum)
What is the route of ingesta from the oral cavity to the intestines?
- Oral cavity
- Esophagus
- Stomach
-Rumen
-Reticulum
-Omasum
-Abomasum - Small intestines
-Duodenum
-Jejunum
-Ileum - Large intestines
-Ascending colon (spiral colon)
-Transverse colon
-Descending colon - Reticulum
- Anus
What is the second chamber of the ruminant stomach?
-Reticulum
Which part of the stomach?
-Looks like a honeycomb
-Helps keep the food in the rumen mixed w/ water & saliva
-When done, the mixture can move onto the other compartments of the system
-Reticulum
Which compartment of the stomach is prone to hardware disease?
-Reticulum
What is the 3rd chamber of the stomach?
-Omasum
Which chamber of the ruminant stomach is described as “leaves of a book”?
-Omasum
Which compartment of the ruminant stomach is important for absorption of nutrients?
-Omasum
The ______ (compartment of ruminant stomach) is made up of lots of folds of tissue to create a large surface area to absorb water and also acts as a filtration system to only allow fine particles & small amounts of fluid to continue on
-Omasum
Which compartment of the ruminant stomach?
-Digestive juices cause chemical changes to break down proteins, carbohydrates, & fats into simpler substances
-These substances can now pass into the small intestine for further digestion & absorption into blood stream
-Abomasum
What major vein takes the blood draining from the omasum, abomasum, reticulum, and goes into the liver?
-Hepatic portal v.
What is the “true stomach” of ruminants?
-Abomasum
Which compartment of the ruminant stomach?
-Secretes digestive enzymes
-Acts as a non-ruminant stomach
-Functions as digestive unit in calves until several months old when rumination begins
-Abomasum
What is shown by C?
-Omasum
What is shown by D?
-Abomasum
What is shown by 37?
-Greater curvature
What is shown by 38?
-Lesser curvature
What is shown by 39?
-Fundus
What is shown by 40?
-Body
What is shown by 41?
-Pyloric part
What is shown by 42?
-Torus pyloricus
What is shown by 43?
-Pyloric sphincter
What is shown by 44?
-Abomasal folds
What is shown by 45?
-Velum
What is shown by 46?
-Abomasal groove
What is shown by E?
-Duodenum
Where is the descending duodenum?
-Anchored on the right hand side
What is indicated by the blue star?
-Omasoabomasal opening
What is indicated by the blue star?
-Fundus of abomasum
What is indicated by the blue star?
-Rugi folds of the abomasum
What is indicated by the blue star?
-Body of abomasum
What is indicated by the blue star?
-Pyloris of abomasum
What is indicated by the blue star?
-Pyloric sphincter
What is indicated by the blue star?
-Torus
What part of the ruminant abdomen is indicated by the blue star?
-Abomasum
What part of the ruminant abdomen is indicated by the blue star?
-Rumen
What part of the ruminant abdomen is indicated by the blue star?
-Omasum
What is shown in this cross section of the ruminant abdominal cavity?
-LDA (left displaced abomasum)
What does the small intestinal tract of the rumen do?
-Provides increased surface area of the mucosal layer via millions of villi
What part of the hindgut is indicated by the blue arrow?
-Pylorus of abomasum
What part of the hindgut is indicated by the blue arrow?
-Descending duodenum
What part of the hindgut is indicated by the blue arrow?
-Ileum
What part of the hindgut is indicated by the blue arrow?
- ileum
What part of the hindgut is indicated by the blue arrow?
- Cecum
What part of the hindgut is indicated by the blue arrow?
-Rectum
What part of the hindgut is indicated by the blue arrow?
-Centripedal loops (spinning into spiral)
What part of the hindgut is indicated by the blue arrow?
-Central flexure (equivalent to the pelvic flexure in horses)
What part of the hindgut is indicated by the blue arrow?
-Centrifugal loops (going outside to digesta - think centrifuge)
What is shown by the black circle?
-Central flexure
What is shown by the red bracket?
-Spiral colon
What is shown by the left red arrow?
-Jejunum
What is shown by the right red arrow?
-Cecum
What are components of the bovine lymphatic system?
-Thymus
-Thoracic duct
-Chyle cistern
-Spleen
-Regional lymph nodes
What are important lymph nodes to make note of, and why?
-Mesenteric lymph nodes
-Filtering or cleaning system of the intestines
