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2025 Exam block 5 > Exam 3: Lecture 35/36 - Ruminant Thoracic Viscera > Flashcards

Exam 3: Lecture 35/36 - Ruminant Thoracic Viscera Flashcards

1
Q

In bovines, how many lung lobes are on each side?

A

-4 on the right
-2 on the left

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2
Q

How do we know which is a lung lobe?

A

-It has a primary bronchus

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3
Q

The accessory lobe of the lung wraps around what structure?

A

-The caudal vena cava

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4
Q

What is the main pathway of air in a bovine lung?

A

-Tracheal bronchus

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5
Q

What is shown by the blue arrow?

A

-Tracheal bronchus

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6
Q

What is shown by the blue arrow?

A

-Tracheal bronchus

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7
Q

What is shown in green in this image? (Numbers 9, 10, 11)

A

-Pulmonary lymph nodes

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8
Q

What is number 2?

A

-Tracheal bronchus

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9
Q

What is number 4?

A

-Cranial part of the cranial lobe of the right lung

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10
Q

What is number 4’?

A

-Caudal part of cranial lobe of the right lung

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11
Q

What is number 5?

A

-Middle lobe of right lung

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12
Q

What is number 6?

A

-Caudal lobe of right lung

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13
Q

What is number 7?

A

-Cranial portion of cranial lobe of left lung

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14
Q

What is number 7’?

A

-Caudal portion of cranial lobe of left lung

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15
Q

What is number 8?

A

-Caudal lobe of left lung

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16
Q

What is number 12?

A

-Accessory lobe of right lung

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17
Q

Where are the lymph nodes located on the lungs?

A

-At tracheal bronchus
-At distal thoracic trachea
-At primary bronchus

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18
Q

What is number 1?

A

-Trachea

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19
Q

What is number 2?

A

-Cranial portion of cranial lobe of left lung

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20
Q

What is number 2’?

A

-Caudal portion of cranial lobe of left lung

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21
Q

What is number 3?

A

-Caudal lobe of left lung

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22
Q

What is number 4?

A

-Cranial lobe of right lung

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23
Q

What is a?

A

-Cranial portion of cranial lobe

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24
Q

What is a’?

A

-Caudal portion of cranial lobe

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25
Q

What is b?

A

-Middle lobe

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26
Q

What is c?

A

-Caudal lobe

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27
Q

The right ventricle in domestic mammals is orientated

A

-Cranially towards head

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28
Q

Where is the aorta in domestic mammals?

A

-Descends on the left hand side

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29
Q

Which ventricle has the thicker wall?

A

-Left ventricle

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30
Q

How do you know it is the auricular view of the heart?

A

-You can see the auricle of the left atrium well

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31
Q

How do you know its the atrial view of the heart?

A

-Can see 2 vena cavas coming in, see major veins coming in & putting blood into right atrium

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32
Q

What is number 1?

A

-Right ventricle

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33
Q

What is number 2?

A

-Left ventricle

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34
Q

What is number 3?

A

-Left auricle

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35
Q

What is number 4?

A

-Left coronary artery

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36
Q

What is number 5?

A

-Conus arteriosus (pulmonary outflow tract)

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37
Q

What is number 6?

A

-Right auricle

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38
Q

What is number 7?

A

-Aortic arch

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39
Q

What is number 8?

A

-Ligamentum arteriosum

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40
Q

What is the ligamentum arteriosum?

A

-Remnant of patent arteriosum in fetus

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41
Q

What does the patent arteriosum do in the fetus?

A

-Shunts blood through pulmonary circulation into aorta

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42
Q

What happens if the patent arteriosis does not shrink down and become the ligamentum arteriosum after birth?

A

-Patient won’t get enough O2 and will result in “blue babies” (common in Yorkie Terriers)

43
Q

What is number 9?

A

-Cranial vena cava

44
Q

What is number 10?

A

-Left pulmonary artery

45
Q

What is number 11?

A

-Pulmonary veins

46
Q

What is number 12?

A

-Left azygous vein

47
Q

What is number 14?

A

-Caudal vena cava

48
Q

What is important about the azygous vein in ruminants?

A

-There are 2

49
Q

What is number 1?

A

-Right ventricle

50
Q

What is number 2?

A

-Left ventricle

51
Q

What is 4”?

A

-Subsinuosal interventricular artery

52
Q

What is 7?

A

-Aortic arch

53
Q

What is 9?

A

-Cranial vena cava

54
Q

What is 14?

A

-Caudal vena cava

55
Q

Where is the subsinuosal interventricular artery located?

A

-Below where the SA node is

56
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Aortic arch

57
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Pulmonary outflow tract

58
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Left auricle

59
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Left ventricle

60
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Paraconal interventricular sulcus

61
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Right ventricle

62
Q

Describe the paraconal interventricular sulcus

A

-Between 2 ventricles
-Groove next to conus arteriosis

63
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Aortic arch

64
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Pulmonary veins

65
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Caudal vena cava

66
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Left ventricle

67
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Right ventricle

68
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Subsinuosal interventricular sulcus

69
Q

Why are the pulmonary veins pink?

A

-Because blood coming back to the heart carrying a lot of oxygen from the lungs (just did gas exchange in the lungs)

70
Q

What structure inside the right ventricle of the bovine heart is indicated here?

A

-Trabecula septamarginalis

71
Q

What is the function of the trabecula septamarginalis

A

-Carries cardiac conduction nerve fibers from interventricular septum to the ventricular marginal wall

72
Q

What is important comparatively about the bovine trabecula septamarginalis?

A

-Markedly thicker tissue than equine species

73
Q

What is B?

A

-Aortic arch

74
Q

What is C?

A

-Brachiocephalic trunk

75
Q

What is F?

A

-Left azygous vein, azygous sinistra v.
two azygous veins in horses

76
Q

What is H?

A

-Paraconal interventricular sulcus

77
Q

The aortic, left atriventricular, right atrioventricular, and pulmonary valve have how many cusps?

A

-Aortic valve = 3 cusps
-Left AV valve = 2 cusps (bicuspid valve aka Mitral valve)
-Right AV valve = 3 cusps (tricuspid valve)
-Pulmonary valve = 3 cusps

78
Q

What is e, f, r, and s?

A

-e = Right AV valve (tricuspid valve)
-f = Pulmonary valve
-r = Left AV valve (mitral valve)
-s = Aortic valve

79
Q

What is indicated by E? (Blue lines)

A

-Right ostium aora
-Remnant bone inside bovine heart (ruminant thing)

80
Q

What is indicated by the blue star? (cross section of plastinated heart)

A

-Marginal wall of right ventricle

81
Q

What is indicated by the blue star? (cross section of plastinated heart)

A

-Marginal wall of left ventricle

82
Q

The ____ ventricle’s marginal wall is about half the thickness as the ____ ventricle’s marginal wall

A

right ventricle, left ventricle

83
Q

Where is the epicardium located?

A

-On the outside

84
Q

Where is the endocardium?

85
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Aortic valve cusp

86
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Right AV valve cusp (tricuspid valve)

87
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Chordae tendinae

88
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Interventricular septum

89
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Papillary muscle

90
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Left AV valve cusp (bicuspid valve aka mitral valve)

91
Q

What is indicated by O?

A

-Ligamentum arteriosum

92
Q

The apex of the heart and diaphragm in bovines have a close proximity with the abdominal cavity, why is this important?

A

-Things penetrating the reticulum or rumen can pierce into the pericardium around the heart in the ventral aspect and lead to pericarditis (infusion of WBCs into pericardium)
-Common in cattle, rare in goats (b/c goats are pickier eaters)

93
Q

What 2 organs are considered part of the lymphatic system of bovine?

A

-Thyamus
-Spleen

94
Q

What are the important lymph nodes in bovine?

A

-Superficial cervical LN
-Thymus
-Tracheobronchial LN
-Spleen
-Mesenteric LNs
-Popliteal LN
-Superficial inguinal LN

95
Q

What is important about the superficial inguinal LN in cattle?

A

-Important for drainage of etiological agents coming out the udder of the cow

96
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

97
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Thymus (calf)

98
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Superficial cervical LN

99
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Tracheobronchial LN

100
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Mesenteric LN

101
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Superficial inguinal LN

102
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Popliteal LN

103
Q

What is the myocardium?

A

-Muscle of the heart

104
Q

What is indicated by the blue star? (cross section of plastinated heart)

A

-Interventricular septum

2025 Exam block 5 (25 decks)

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