Exam #3: lab VI Flashcards
What is the mnemonic to remember the function of the cranial nerves?
“Some Say Money Matters But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter More”
I= Some, Sensory II= Say, Sensory III= Money, Motor IV= Matters, Motor V= But, BOTH VI= My, Motor VII= Brother, BOTH VIII= Says, Sensory IX= Big, BOTH X= Brains, BOTH XI= Matter, Motor XII= More, Motor
What is the “rule of four?”
12 Cranial Nerves w/ 3x parts of the midbrain that they come off of:
1) Midbrain= III & IV
2) Pons= V, VI, VII, VIII
3) Medulla= IX, X, XI, XII
CN I & II are tracts of the brain and do NOT come off the brainstem
Where are the pure motor nuclei located? Where are the pure sensory nuclei located? Both?
Motor= medial Sensory= lateral Both= intermediate
Which retinal fields cross at the optic chiasma?
Temporal visual fields cross at the optic chiasm
- **Note that this is different from the RETINA
- Temporal part of the retina does NOT cross, but carries nasal visual fields
- Nasal part of the retina DOES cross, but carries temporal visual fields
Where does the optic tract synapse?
Lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus
Where does CN III emerge from the brain?
Interpeduncular fossa
What foramen does CN III traverse?
Superior orbital fissure
What is the only CN to cross in the brain?
CN IV
What part of the brainstem is the MCP associated with?
Pons
What foramen do the divisions of CN V traverse?
Ophthalmic= superior orbital fissure
Maxillary= foramen rotundum
Mandibular= foramen ovale
Where do CN VII & VIII travel to exit the skull?
Internal acoustic meatus of the petrous portion of the temporal bone
What is the landmark for differentiating between CN IX, X, & XI and XII?
Olive
Where does CN XII exit the brain?
Hypoglossal canal
What are the two CN nuclei that are located in the spinal cord?
CN V
CN XI
Where is the nucleus of CN XI located in cross-section?
Upper cervical cord, lateral to the ventral horn
Where nucleus of CN V is located in the cervical spinal cord?
Spinal nucleus of V
*****Takes over the region of the substantia gelatinosa
What order neuron is the spinal nucleus of CN V?
2nd
What axons synapse with the spinal nucleus of CN V?
Spinal tract of V
What sensations are being carried by the spinal tracts of CN V?
Pain
Temperature
What are the hallmarks for the caudal medulla?
Olive
Pyramids
Where is the Solitary Nucleus located?
Medulla (intermediate zone)
What is the function of the Solitary Tract?
Taste from the CN in the medulla i.e.
- IX (posterior 1/3 of the tongue)
- X (pharynx)
What CN are associated with the Nucleus Ambiguus?
CN IX
CN X
*****This is a motor nucleus that is associated with the muscles of the palate and the larynx
What is the one muscle the CN IX innervates?
Stylopharyngeus muscle
What are motor CNs considered?
LMN
What muscles are innervated by the hypoglossal nerve?
All of the muscles of the tongue except for the palatopharyngeus m that is innervated by CN X
What cell bodies are housed by the dorsal vagal nucleus?
Pre-synaptic PNS of the vagus nerve (CN X)
What are the hallmarks of the rostral medulla?
Pyramids
Olive
Open 4th ventricle
ICP
What is the MLF? What is the function of the MLF?
Medial Longitudinal Fasiculus; connect CN nuclei (CN III, IV, VI, & VIII)
*****Plays and important role in reflex movements of the head and neck/ balance
What is the arterial supply to the medial lemniscus of the medulla?
Penetrating branches from the anterior spinal arteries
What ganglia is the inferior salivatory nucleus associated with? What is the function?
Otic ganglia
- CN IX
- Parotid gland
What are the hallmarks for the caudal pons?
Basis pontis
Open 4th ventricle
What is the superior salivatory nucleus associated with?
CN VII
- Submandibular ganglia
- Ptergyopalantine ganglia
What are the three parts of the trigeminal nuclear complex? What are the functions associated with these three parts?
- Mesencephalic= proprioception
- Principal sensor= discriminative touch
- Motor nucleus= motor to muscles of mastication
What is the hallmark for the caudal midbrain?
Decussation of the SCP
What are the two unique features of the trochlear nerve?
1) Crosses in the brain
2) Emerges from the dorsal side of the brain
What is the hallmark of the rostral midbrain?
Red nucleus
What CN is associated with being able to see the Red Nucleus?
CN III
What function is associated with the Edinger Westphal nucleus?
PNS of CN III
What is the function of the posterior commissure?
Connects the temporal lobes
What are the structures that border the posterior commissure?
Superior colliculus
Cerebral aqueduct
What is the lamina terminalis?
Anterior most portion of the hypothalamus?
What is the dominant hemisphere for language?
Left (think L_eft= L_angugage)
What are the two gyri located in Broca’s area?
Opercular
Triangular
What are the two gyri located in Wernicke’s area?
Supremarginal
Angular
What are the three gyri located in the temporal lobe?
Superior
Middle
Inferior
What is the gyrus located in the lateral fissure? What is its function?
Transverse Gyrus of Heschl i.e. Primary Auditory Cortex
What part of the cortex is associated with the calcarine fissure?
Primary visual cortex
What is the superior gyrus that forms the primary visual cortex?
Cuneus Gyrus
What is the inferior gyrus that forms the primary visual cortex?
Lingual Gyrus
