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Neuroanatomy > Exam #2: Cerebellum > Flashcards

Exam #2: Cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

How do you know the difference between tremor that is Basal Ganglia in origin or Cerebellum in origin?

A

Basal Ganglia= tremor AT REST

Cerebellum= tremor WITH MOVEMENT

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2
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum?

A

1) Coordination of motor movement

2) Procedural memory

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3
Q

Specifically, what are the aspects of motor functions that are coordinated by the cerebellum?

A
  • Velocity
  • Force
  • Duration
  • Timing
  • Trajectory
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4
Q

What is the structure that goes between the two cerebellar hemispheres?

A

Vermis

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5
Q

What is the floculaonodular lobe?

A

This is a bilateral structure on the ventral surface of the cerebellum & vermis that connects to the vestibular system

  • Flocculus= cerebellum
  • Nodulus= vermis
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6
Q

What is the function of the floculonodular lobe?

A

Balance

**Note that this is also called the vestibulocerebellar lobe

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7
Q

What is the spinocerebellum?

A

This is the “paravermal” area that receives input from the spinal cord– maintains muscle tone & adjusts movements of the axial trunk/ proximal limbs

*****“Reciprocally connected to the spinal cord”

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8
Q

What is the cerebrocerebellum?

A

Lateral areas of the cerebellum that receives information from the cerebral cortex; functions in precise control of executed movements

*****“Reciprocally connected to the cerebral cortex”

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9
Q

How is the “homoculus” of the cerebellum organized?

A

There are 2x homunculi:

1) Anterior= head is posterior & feet are anterior
- ONE homunculus

2) Posterior= head is anterior & LE are posterior
- TWO homunculi

**Both are oriented in a medial to lateral fashion; axial & proximal limb medial; distal limbs lateral

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10
Q

Name the deep cerebellar nuclei from medial to lateral.

A
  • Fastigial nucleus (midline)
  • Globose nucleus
  • Emboliform nucleus
  • Dentate nucleus

**Note that these are listed from medial to lateral

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11
Q

What are the interposed nuclei?

A

Globose & emboliform nuceli together

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12
Q

What cerebellar cortical zone is associated with the spinocerebellar tract?

A

Vermis

Paravermal

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13
Q

What nuclei are associated with the spinocerebellar tract?

A

Fastigial nuclei

Interposed nuceli

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14
Q

What cerebellar cortical zone is associated with the cerebrocerebellar tract?

A

Hemispheric (cerebellar)

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15
Q

What nuclei are associated with the cerebrocerebellar tract?

A

Dentate nuclei

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16
Q

What cerebellar cortical zone is associated with the vestibulocerebellar tract?

A

Flocculonodular lobe

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17
Q

What nuclei are associated with the vestibulocerebellar tract?

A

Vestibular nuceli

*****I.e. Floculonodular lobe DOES NOT synapse with the deep cerebellar nuclei

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18
Q

What information does the cerebellum need to function? Where does the cerebellum receive that information from?

A
  • Cerebral cortex needs to send the “instructions” to the cerebellum via the “CORTICOPONTO-CEREBELLAR” tract
  • Proprioceptive information about the “current state” of the body from the “SPINOCEREBELLAR TRACT”
  • Cerebellum needs to send information BACK to the cortex; occurs via the “DENTORUBROTHALAMIC” tract
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19
Q

What is the function of the dentorubrothalamic tract?

A

Sends information back up to the thalamus after the execution of an action

20
Q

What tract is associated with the inferior peduncle?

A

Spinocerebellar

*Current state of the body

21
Q

What tract is associated with the middle peduncle?

A

Corticoponto-cerebellar

*Instructions from the cortex

22
Q

What tract is associated with the superior peduncle?

A

Dentorubrothalamic

*Information from the cerebellum back to the cortex

23
Q

What are the two basic functions of the vestibulocerebellum?

A

1) Balance & equilibrium

2) Coordination of eye & head movements

24
Q

Where does the input of the vestibulocerebellum come from?

A

Vestibular system

*Inferior Olivary Nucleus

25
Q

Where does the vestibulocerebellum send output to?

A

1) Vestibular nuclei
2) Vestibulospinal tracts
3) Medial longitudinal fasiculus

26
Q

What cranial nerves does the Medial Longitudinal Fasciulus connect?

A

CN:

  • III
  • IV
  • VI
27
Q

What are the two major functions of the spinocerebellum?

A

1) Adjust movement based on proprioception

2) Posture & muscle tone

28
Q

Where does the input to the spinocerebellum come from?

A
  • Dorsal & ventral spinocerebellar tracts
  • Cuneocerebellar tract
  • Trigeminocerebellar tract
29
Q

What is the output of the spinocerebellum?

A
  • Vestibulospinal tract

- Reticulospinal tract

30
Q

What are the general functions of the cerebrocerebellum?

A

1) Preparation

2) Fine coordination of motor commands w/ sensory input–especially the arm & hand

31
Q

Where does the input to the cerebrocerebellum come from?

A
  • Corticopontocerebellar tract

- Olivocerebellar tract

32
Q

What is the output of the cerebrocerebellum?

A
  • Dentorubrothalamic tract

- Rubrospinal tract

33
Q

What are the three cortical layers of the cerebellum?

A
  • Molcular
  • Purkinje
  • Granular
34
Q

Draw the schematic of the cerebellar layers.

A

N/A

35
Q

What is the function of the inferior olivary nucleus?

A

Procedural learning

  • Reinforcing motor skills
  • Practice makes perfect
36
Q

What is the Cortico-olivocerebellar pathway?

A

Input from the inferior olivary nucleus to ?????

37
Q

What aspects of the basal ganglia and cerebellum are alike?

A

1) Both influence motor movement
2) Both modifty or adjust motor commands
3) NO PARALYSIS W? LESION

38
Q

Generally, how do the Basal Ganglia and Cerebellum differ?

A

Basal Ganglia= Permissive

Cerebellum= Execution

39
Q

Define ataxia.

A

Lack of coordination of movement

40
Q

Define dysmetria.

A

Individual that is unable to estimate the distance between the moving body part & target

**Also called “past-pointing”

41
Q

Define dysdiadochokinesia.

A

Inability to carry out rapid alternating movements

42
Q

Define nystagmus.

A

Rhythmic oscillation of one or both eyes

43
Q

In patients with a cerebellar stroke, which side of the body will symptoms manifest? How does this differ from other brain lesions?

A

IPSILATERAL

44
Q

What are the manifestations of a cerebellar infarct?

A

Ataxia
Dysmetria (past-pointing) of limb
Ocular dysfunction/ nystagmus/ diplopia
Vertigo

45
Q

What artery is typically occluded in cases of a cerebellar infarct?

A

PICA (Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery)

Neuroanatomy (36 decks)

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