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Neuroanatomy > Exam #1: Lab 1 > Flashcards

Exam #1: Lab 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the cerebellum?

A

Balance

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2
Q

What is the arbor vitae?

A

“Tree of life” i.e. the white matter of the cerebellum

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3
Q

What is the embryological derivation of the cerebrum?

A

Prosencephalon

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4
Q

What does the Prosencephalon divide into?

A

Telencephaloncerebrum

Diencephalon

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5
Q

What causes the cephalic flexure?

A

Overgrowth of the Telencephalon causes an anterior flexion between the Diencephalon & brainstem, specifically the midbrain

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6
Q

What are the embryological terms used to describe direction in the brain?

A 
Rostral= anterior i.e. toward the beak
Caudal= toward the tail 
Dorsal= back
Ventral= front

*Note that these change their orientation when the cephalic flexure

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7
Q

What is the longitudinal fissure?

A

Division between the cerebral hemisphere

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8
Q

What are the elevations of the brain called?

A

Gyri

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9
Q

What are the depressions of the brain called?

A

Sulci

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10
Q

What is the difference between a sulcus & a fissure?

A
  • Fissures are much deeper than sulci

- Arachnoid mater penetrates fissures but not sulci

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11
Q

What is the grey matter in the brain?

A

Neuronal cell bodies
Unmyelinated axons
Dendrites

  • Typically seen peripherally in the cerebrum BUT there are some nuclei that contain grey matter deeper in the brain
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12
Q

What is the white matter in the brain?

A

Dendrites & myelinated axons in the brain b/c of myelin

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13
Q

What is the central sulcus? What borders the central sulcus?

A
  • Divides the frontal & parietal lobes
  • Pre-central gyrus is immediately anterior (motor)
  • Post-central gyrus is immediately posterior (sensory)
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14
Q

What is the transverse fissure?

A

Division of the cerebellum from the cerebrum; contains the tentorium cerebelli

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15
Q

What is the parieto-occipital sulcus?

A

Division of the parietal & occipital lobes; seen only on mid-sagittal view

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16
Q

What is the limbic lobe?

A

Encircles the corpus callosum—this is the oldest part of the cortex

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17
Q

What are the parts of the limbic lobe?

A

Cingulate gyrus= superior to the corpus callosum

Isthmus of the Cingulate Gyrus= narrowing of the cingulate gyrus posteriorly

Uncus= superior to the parahippocampal gyrus

Parahippocampal gyrus= inferior portion of the limbic lobe near the brainstem

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18
Q

What structure lies deep to the uncus?

A

Amygdala

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19
Q

What is the pre-occipital notch? What is the parieto-occipital notch? What do these two structures delineate?

A

Pre-occipital= notch just superior to the transverse fissure

Parieto-occipital notch= indentation

*Landmarks for differentiating between the parietal, temporal & occipital lobes

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20
Q

What is the precentral gyrus?

A

Primary motor area

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21
Q

What is the postcentral gyrus?

A

Primary sensory area

22
Q

What is the insular cortex? Where is the insula?

A

The insular cortex is the cortex that lies deep to the lateral cerebral sulcus

23
Q

What are poles in the brain?

A

Edges of the lobes of the brain

  • Frontal
  • Temporal
  • Occipital
24
Q

What is the Dicenephalon? What are the structures of the diencephalon?

A

Embryologically, it was part of the prosencephalon that later divides into the telencephalon & diencephalon. The structures of the diencephalon are the thalamic structures (gray matter/ nuclei) that include:

  • Epithalamus= posterior—also called the pineal gland & sitting in the transverse fissure
  • Thalamus= major sensory nucleus & largest
  • Hypothalamus= anterior
  • Subthalamus= lateral
25
Q

What are the parts of the corpus callosum?

A 
Rostrum= beak
Genu= bend 
Body= major portion
Splenium= posterior swelling
26
Q

What are the two major sources of blood to the brain i.e. anterior & posterior circulation?

A 
Posterior= vertebral arteries 
Anterior= internal carotids
27
Q

Where do the vertebral arteries join? What artery do they form when they join?

A
  • Pontomedullary junction

- Basilar artery, which runs the midline of the pons

28
Q

What branch of the basilar artery comes off at the ponto-midbrain junction?

A

Posterior cerebral arteriesposterior part of the cerebral cortex

29
Q

What artery joints the posterior communicating artery to the internal carotids?

A

Posterior communicating

30
Q

What are the branches of the internal carotid?

A

Middle cerebral a. –>lateral sulcus

Anterior cerebral a. –>anterior sulcus

31
Q

What do the middle & anterior cerebral arteries supply?

A 
Middle= lateral surface of the cortex 
Anterior= medial surface of the cortex
32
Q

What is the anterior communicating artery?

A

Artery that joins the two anterior communicating arteries—an important anastamosis

33
Q

What structure does the circle of willis form a circle around?

A

Pituitary gland

34
Q

What structure do the anterior cerebral arteries run superior to? Specifically what part?

A

Corpus callosum—genu, or bend

35
Q

In terms of the meninges, where do the cerebral arteries run?

A

Beneath the arachnoid mater, in the subarachnoid space i.e. between the pia mater & the the arachnoid mater

36
Q

What are the branches of the basilar artery?

A

AICA= anterior inferior cerebellar artery= rostral medulla & caudal pons

SCA= superior cerebellar artery= cerebellum, rostral pons, caudal midbrain

PCA= posterior cerebral artery

37
Q

What are the branches of the vertebral arteries?

A

PICA= posterior inferior cerebellar artery that wraps around the medulla, giving blood to both the cerebellum & lateral medulla

ASA= anterior spinal artery that also supplies medial medulla

38
Q

Where do the cranial dura & spinal dura join?

A

Foramen magnum

39
Q

What artery runs superior to the dura?

A

Middle meningeal

40
Q

What are arachnoid granulations?

A

Contain villi that remove CSF & reabsorb them into the dural venous sinus

41
Q

Where is the subdural space?

A

Above the arachnoid mater

42
Q

What are the four ventricles of the brain?

A

2x lateral= c-shaped & named for the lobes that they’re in (go through all 4 lobes)
3rd
4th

43
Q

What is the interventricular foramen (of monroe)?

A

Structure that joins the lateral ventricles into the 3rd ventricle

44
Q

Where is the 3rd ventricle?

A

Between the thalamus

45
Q

What connects that third ventricle to the fourth ventricle? Where is this structure located?

A

Cerebral aqueduct, which is in the midbrain

46
Q

Where are lateral ventricles?

A

Beneath the corpus callosum

47
Q

What is the septum pellucidum?

A

Wall between the left & right lateral ventricles

48
Q

What are the four openings of the fourth ventricle?

A
  • Central canal of the spinal cord
  • Subarachnoid space via the 2x lateral foramen/ foramen of Luschka
  • Median aperture into the subarachnoid space
49
Q

Where is the choroid plexus? What is the choroid plexus?

A

Inside the ventricles—capillary bed that forms the CSF

50
Q

Why is there no Choroid Plexus in the Cerebral Aqueduct?

A

The diameter of the Cerebral Aqueduct is too small to accommodate the choroid plexus

Neuroanatomy (36 decks)

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