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Neuroanatomy > Exam #1: Intro. Self Study > Flashcards

Exam #1: Intro. Self Study Flashcards

1
Q

What are the five major subdivisions of the brain?

A 
Telencephalon
Diencephalon
Mesencephalon
Metencephalon
Myelencephalon
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2
Q

What is the telencephalon?

A

Cerebral hemispheres

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3
Q

What is the diencephalon?

A

Epithalamus
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Subthalamus

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4
Q

What is the mesencephalon?

A

Cerebral peduncles

  • Tegmentum
  • Crus cerebri

Tectum= superior & inferior colliculi

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5
Q

What is the metencephalon?

A

Pons

Cerebellum

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6
Q

What is the myelencephalon?

A

Medulla oblongata

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7
Q

What is the brainstem?

A

Medulla oblongata
Mesencephalon
Pons

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8
Q

How do you know the difference between gray & white matter in the spinal cord?

A 
Gray= central butterfly 
White= what surrounds the butterfly
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9
Q

What is the difference between ventral & dorsal in the spinal cord?

A 
Dorsal= toward the spinous processes
Ventral= toward the vertebral bodies

Dorsal= tips of the wings of the butterfly

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10
Q

Functionally, what is the difference between dorsal & ventral in the spinal cord?

A 
Dorsal= sensory 
Ventral= motor
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11
Q

What is contained in the ventral horn of the spinal cord?

A

Cell bodies of neurons involved in somatic motor function

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12
Q

What is contained in the lateral horn of the spinal cord?

A

Cell bodies of “preganglionic” neurons involved in the SNS & PNS

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13
Q

What is contained in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord?

A

Central processes of unipolar neurons of DRG

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14
Q

What is the difference between a protoplasmic astrocyte & a fibrous astrocyte?

A

Location:

Protoplasmic= gray matter 
Fibrous= white matter
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15
Q

What is an ependymal cell?

A

Cells that form the simple cuboidal epithelium that lines the central canal of the spinal cord & ventricles of the brain

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16
Q

Generally, how does the organization of the autonomic nervous system differ from somatic?

A

Somatic= 1 neuron directly innervating tissue

Autonomic= 2 neurons (pre-synaptic & post-synaptic)

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17
Q

How does the organization of the SNS differ from the PNS?

A

SNS= short pre-synaptic & long post-synpatic

PNS= long pre-synaptic & short post-synpatic

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18
Q

Where are the cell bodies of the presynaptic SNS neurons located?

A

Lateral horn of T1-L2

19
Q

Where are the cell bodies of the presynaptic PNS neurons located?

A

Brain (axons are cranial nerves III, VII, IX, & X)

Lateral horn of the sacral spinal cord (S2-4)

20
Q

Define arcuate.

A

Arc-like, resembles a segment of a circle

21
Q

Define column.

A

A large bundle of ascending or descending nerve fibers composed of several “fasiculi”
- Also called a “funiculus”

22
Q

Define commissure.

A

Bundle of nerve fibers that runs horizontally

23
Q

Define cortex.

A

Periphery of a structure i.e. opposite of medulla

24
Q

Define exteroceptor.

A

Sensory receptor providing information about the external environment to the CNS

25
Q

Define fasiculus.

A

A bundle of ascending or descending nerve fibers in the CNS

26
Q

Define fiber.

A

A long thin structure; an axon or collection of axon

27
Q

Define fovea.

A

Depression or pit

28
Q

Define funiculus.

A

Also called a column, a large bundle of ascending or descending nerve fibers composed of several “fasiculi”

29
Q

Define glomerulus.

A

Structure with a spherical configuration

30
Q

Define infundibulum.

A

Funnel-like structure

31
Q

Define interoreceptor.

A

A sensory receptor that provides info to the CNS about the internal environment

32
Q

Define lamina.

A

A layer of specific material such as the layering of nerve cell bodies in the spinal cord

33
Q

Define neurite.

A

Term for the extensions of neurons i.e. a collective term for dendrites & axons

34
Q

Define neuropil.

A

Complex of axons, dendrites, and processes of neuroglia that form a web-like network between nerve cell bodies of the gray matter

35
Q

Define nucleus.

A

A collection of nerve cell bodies

36
Q

Define operculum.

A

A cover or lid

37
Q

Define peduncle.

A

Massive collection of nerve fiber bundles that connect the cerebrum & cerebellum to the brainstem

38
Q

Define perikaryon.

A

Cell body of a neuron

39
Q

Define plexus.

A

Arrangement of nerve fibers that serve a specific region

40
Q

Define raphe.

A

A seam or midline structure

41
Q

Define tract.

A

A bundle of ascending or descending nerve fibers within the CNS

42
Q

What side of the body does the motor cortex control movement of?

A

Opposite/ contralateral

43
Q

What side of the body does the sensory cortex receive input from?

A

Opposite/ contralateral

44
Q

What side of the body does the cerebellum control?

A

Same/ ipsalateral

Neuroanatomy (36 decks)

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