Exam 3: Digestive System Flashcards
1
Q
Masticatory mucosa is found on
A
Gingiva and hard palate
2
Q
Surface epi of oral mucosa
A
Keratinized/parakeratinized strat squamous
3
Q
Superficial cells of parakeratinized strat squamous epi keep their
A
Nuclei
4
Q
Lamina propria of oral mucosa made up of 2 layers
A
Papillary layer
Reticular layer
5
Q
Surface epi of lining mucosa
A
Strat squamous
**occasionally parakeratinized
6
Q
Epithelium of vermillion zone of lips
A
Keratinized strat squamous
7
Q
Submucosa of lining mucosa in oral cavity made up of
A
Dense CT
Can have glands, BV and nerves
8
Q
Specialized mucosa is found on
A
Dorsal surface of tongue
9
Q
Keratinized strat squamous epi is found on ___ papilla
A
Filiform
10
Q
Strat squamous epi is found on ____ papilla
A
All other (except filiform)
11
Q
General functions of specialized mucosa
A
Move food
Taste
12
Q
Mucosa of the tongue is thicker ____ and thinner/smoother on _____
A
Dorsally; lower surface
13
Q
Small salivary glands are associated w/
A
Vallate papilla
14
Q
Function of small salivary glands
A
Produce serous fluid to cleanse tastebuds
15
Q
Taste buds are located on all papilla except
A
Filiform papilla
16
Q
Submucosa of tongue contains
A
Lingual salivary glands
17
Q
Intrinsic tongue muscles have no ____ and are _____ muscles
A
External attachment; skeletal
18
Q
4 alternating intrinsic tongue muscles from top to bottom
A
Superior longitudinal
Vertical muscles alternate w/ transverse
Inferior longitudinal
19
Q
Function of intrinsic tongue muscles
A
Change tongue shape
20
Q
Ameloblasts are polarized ____ cells
A
Columnar
21
Q
You lose ameloblasts following
A
Tooth eruption
22
Q
Function of ameloblasts
A
Produce enamel
23
Q
Hardest substance in the body
A
Enamel
24
Q
After tooth eruption, you cannot make more ___
A
Enamel
25
___ is harder than bone
Dentin
26
Dentin contains thin dentinal tubules w/ nerves and cell processes of
Odontoblasts
27
Precursor to dentin before mineralization
Perdentin
28
Columnar cells lining pulp cavity
Odontoblast
29
Function of odontoblasts
Repair
| Produce/maintain dentin
30
Dental papilla AKA
Dental pulp
31
Dental papilla is CT w/ many
Blood vessels and nerves
32
Potential problem w/ dental papilla
Extensive inflammation
33
Largest salivary gland that only produces about 30% of total salivary output
Parotid gland
34
Gland most affected by the mumps
Parotid gland
35
Parotid gland is 100% ___ producing
Serous
36
Parotid gland products secreted
Salivary amylase
Lysozyme
Sec IgA
37
Function of salivary amylase
Break down carbs
38
Submandibular gland produces ___% of total salivary output
60%
39
Submandibular gland is a ___ gland, producing ___ and ___
Mixed gland; Mucus and serous products
40
Sublingual gland produces ___ of total salivary output
5%
41
Sublingual gland is a ___ gland, producing ____ and ____ products
Mixed; mucus and serous products
42
Sublingual gland is ___% mucus producing
80%
43
Para impulses increase the amount of ___ secretion from salivary glands
Watery
44
Sympathetic impulses decrease the amount of a saliva with a ____ consistency
Thicker
45
Submucosa of gut luminal walls includes ____ plexus
Submucosal (Meissner)
46
Muscularis externa of gut luminal wall contains ___ plexus
Myenteric
47
Surface epi of esophagus
Strat squamous
Contains Langerhans cells
48
Lamina propria of esophagus can have
Esophageal cardiac glands
49
Function of esophageal cardiac glands
Produce neutral mucus to protect esophageal epi
50
Location of esophageal cardiac glands in esophagus
```
First inch (by pharynx)
Last inch (by stomach)
```
51
Muscularis mucosa in esophagus is a ___ layer of long smooth muscle
Discontinuous
52
Submucosa of esophagus contains
Esophageal (proper) glands
53
Function of esophageal glands
Produce mucus to lubricate passage of food
54
Muscularis externa of esophagus
Upper 1/3 = skeletal
Middle 1/3 = mixed
Lower 1/3 = smooth
55
Adventitia/serosa of esophagus: primarily ___ except the last ____
Adventitia; last 1-2 inches = serosa
56
Pharyngoesophageal sphincter is between
Oropharynx and esophagus
57
Gastroesophageal sphincter is between
Esophagus and stomach
58
For physiological sphincter there is no thickening of
Circular muscle in ME
59
Barrett’s esophagus: strat squamous epi is replaced by
Mucus-secreting simple columnar epi
60
Primary function of stomach
Food storage
61
Nutrient breakdown in stomach is primarily ___
Chemical
| Little physical
62
Gastric pits
Depressions in stomach’s surface
1 pit leads to >1 gland
63
Surface epi of stomach
Simple columnar
64
Functions of surface mucus in stomach mucosa
Produce thick mucus
| Secrete bicarb ions
65
Muscularis mucosa in stomach often has 3 layers
1. Inner circular
2. Outer longitudinal
3. Outermost circular/oblique
66
Submucosa of stomach is the location of AVA which functions to
Shut down activity and secretion FAST
67
Submucosal plexus in stomach is next to ____ layer of muscle
Inner circular
68
Muscularis externa of stomach has 3 layers
1. Innermost oblique
2. Middle circular (well-developed)
3. Outer long. (Thin)
69
Myenteric plexus in stomach is between
Circular and long. Layers of musclularis externa
70
Layer outside of muscularis in stomach is all ____
Serosa (no adventitia)
71
Gastric region of stomach contains gastric glands which extend from
Gastric pit to MM
72
Surface mucus in isthmus of gastric gland function
Protect from acids and enzymes
73
DNES cells in gastric gland
Type D
Type EC
Type G
74
Type D DNES cells in gastric gland
Produces Somatostatin
75
Type EC DNES cells in gastric gland
Produces serotonin and substance P
76
Type G DNES cells in gastric gland
Produce gastrin: stims HCl and pepsinogen secretion
77
Parietal cells in the neck of gastric gland produce
```
Very strong HCl
Intrinsic factor (B12 absorption)
```
78
Chief cells in gastric glands produce
Pepsinogen (primarily)
| Gastric lipase
79
Pyloric sphincter is an ___ sphincter between the
Anatomical; pylorus and duodenum
80
Anatomical sphincters have a well developed _____ that can be ________
Inner circular layer; independently controlled
81
2 general causes of peptic ulcer disease
Insufficient protection
| Helicobacter pylori
82
Some factors that delay healing of peptic ulcer disease
```
Smoking
Alcohol
Caffeine
Calcium
Aspirin
```
83
2 surface adaptations in SI to inc surface area
Plicae circulares
Villi
Microvilli
84
Surface epi of SI
Simple columnar
85
Main function of surface absorptive cells in SI
Absorb water and nutrients
86
Goblet cells in SI the fewest are in the ___, most in the ____
Duodenum; ileum
87
Type I DNES cells in SI
Produce CCK — stim gallbladder and pancreas secretion from serous acini
88
Type S DNES cells in SI produces secretin which
Stims pancreas secretion of bicarb
Inhibits HCl release and chyme movement
89
Paneth cells in SI are found at ______ and they produce _____
Bases of crypts; lysozyme
90
M cells in SI are found in
Ileum epi over Peyer’s patches
91
General function of M cells =
Humoral immunity
Important in maintaining gut flora
92
LP of SI contain lacteals which are ____ that function in _____
Lymphatic capillaries; lipid absorption
93
Duodenum contains ____ glands which produce _____
Duodenal/Brunner’s; alkaline mucus
94
Significance of each part of SI
```
Duodenum = Brunner’s glands
Jejunum = nothing
Ileum = Peyer’s patches
```
95
Peyer’s patches are only found in
Ileum
96
Function of myenteric plexus in SI
Stim ME for peristalsis
97
Serosa is found covering which parts of SI
Jejunum and ileum, 1st and last parts of duodenum
98
Adventitia is found covering which parts of SI
Descending portion of duodenum
99
Ileocecal valve is found between _____ and is a _____ sphincter
Ileum and cecum of colon; physiological and anatomical sphincter
100
Appendix surface epi
Simple columnar
101
Mucosa characteristics in appendix
Short crypts
No villi
No Paneth cells
102
Submucosa of appendix contains numerous
Lymph nodules
103
Functions of appendix
Humoral immunity
| Reservoir for good bacteria
104
Primary function of colon
Absorption of water
105
Surface epi of colon
Simple columnar w/ many goblets
106
Mucosa of colon lacks
Villi
| Paneth
107
Muscularis externa of colon is not normal pattern:
Outer longitudinal ms in bands called teniae coli
108
Constant tonus of teniae coli results in
Haustra
109
All parts of colon have ____ adventitia/serosa
Mixed
Some adventitia, mostly serosa
110
Surface epi of rectum
Simple columnar
111
Notable features of rectum
Transverse rectal folds
No teniae coli
Adventitia
112
Covering of rectum is
Adventitia
113
Surface epi of anal canal
Strat squamous
| Simple columnar quickly transitions
114
Internal anal sphincter is a thick circular layer of ____ within ____
Smooth muscle; ME
115
External anal sphincter contains
Levator ani
116
External anal sphincter is ___ muscle from ____
Striated; pelvic floor
117
Luminal wall covering of anal canal
Adventitia
