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Organ Histo > Exam 2: Respiratory > Flashcards

Exam 2: Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of respiratory portion of respiratory system

A

Oxygen and CO2 exchange

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2
Q

Functions of conducting portion of respiratory system

A

Olfaction
Phonation
Provide defense
Condition air

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3
Q

3 parts of filtration system

A

Large particle
Medium particle
Small particle

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4
Q

Conducting portion

A

Transports air to respiratory portion

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5
Q

Vestibule surface epi

A

Keratinized strat squamous

Respiratory

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6
Q

Glands in vestibule

A

Sebaceous

Sweat

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7
Q

Vibrissae in vestibule acts as a

A

Large particle filter

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8
Q

Respiratory region of nasal cavity is between

A

Limen nasi and sup/middle concha

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9
Q

Functions of respiratory region of nasal cavity

A

Warm, clean, humidify air

Provide defense

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10
Q

Surface epi of respiratory region of nasal cavity

A

Respiratory

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11
Q

Mucociliary apparatus is made up of ____ and acts as ____

A

Goblets and ciliated columnar cells

Medium particle filter

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12
Q

Glands are found in ____ of respiratory region of nasal cavity

A

Lamina propria

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13
Q

Seromucous glands mucus portion contributes to

A

Mucociliary clearance

Air humidity

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14
Q

Serous part of seromucous glands produces

A

Lyxozyme
Interferons
Cytokines
Air humidity

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15
Q

Serous products acts as

A

Small particle filter

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16
Q

Also in the LP, ____ made up of many large venules (partially filled)

A

Cavernous plexus

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17
Q

Functions of cavernous plexus

A

Warm, humidify air

Provide defense

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18
Q

Increased blood flow causes venules and LP to ____ which causes lumen size to ____ which causes ____

A

Increase; decrease; stuffy nose

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19
Q

Increased blood blow causes O2 to ___ which will stimulate ____ which causes ____

A

Inc; seromucous gland secretion; runny nose

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20
Q

Olfactory region of nasal cavity surface epi

A

Olfactory epi

Supporting and basal cells
Olfactory neurons

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21
Q

Olfactory glands product a serous product to

A

Cleanse olfactory cilia

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22
Q

Epi of paranasal sinuses

A

Respiratory epi

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23
Q

Lamina propria of paranasal sinuses

A

Thin
Contains seromucous glands
Vascular

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24
Q

If small sinuses, LP swells then sinuses become ___ and _____ can occur

A

Blocked; sinus infection

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25
3 subdivisions of pharynx
Nasopharynx Oropharynx Laryngopharynx
26
Surface epi of nasopharynx
Respiratory
27
Surface epi of oro and laryngopharynx
Strat squamous
28
Nasopharynx has ____ tonsils
Pharyngeal
29
Oropharynx has _____ tonsils
Palatine and lingual
30
Laryngopharynx has __ tonsils
NO
31
Muscularis mucosae in pharynx
NONE
32
Submucosa of pharynx AKA
Pharyngobasilar fascia Collagen of occiput blends into wall of pharynx
33
Muscualaris externa of pharynx is all ___ muscle
Skeletal
34
Muscularis externa of pharynx has a ____ pattern
Reversed Inner long Outer circular
35
Adventitia of pharynx AKA
Buccopharyngeal fascia Epimysium of buccinator blends into adventitia of pharynx
36
Surface epi of larynx
Strat squamous (upper), transition to respiratory
37
LP of larynx
Looser CT w/ seromucous glands
38
Functions of cartilages in larynx
Maintain open airway | Aid sound production
39
Hyaline cartilage makes up
Thyroid cartilage Cricoid cartilage Inferior arytenoid cartilage
40
Elastic cartilage makes up
Cuneiform cartilage Corniculate cartilage Superior arytenoid cartilage Epiglottis
41
Function of epiglottis
Keep food/liquid out of larynx
42
Surface epi of epiglottis
``` Upper = strat squamous Under = respiratory ```
43
Vestibular folds surface epi
Respiratory epi
44
Vestibular folds LP
Loose CT Seromucous glands Lymph nodules
45
Laryngeal ventricle surface epi
Strat squamous
46
Vocal folds surface epi and function
Strat squamous Protect from abrasion/drying
47
LP of vocal folds and function
Dense regular bundles of elastic CT Support free edge of vocal fold
48
Vocalis muscle
Striated muscle | Deep to mucosa of larynx
49
Surface epi of trachea
Respiratory epi
50
Cells of respiratory epi of trachea
``` Goblet = 30% Ciliated columnar = 30% Basal = 30% Brush cells = 3% Serous cells = 3% DNES cells = 3-4% ```
51
Function of brush cells in trachea
Chemosensory — monitor air quality
52
Function of serous cells in trachea
Secrete product into lumen (product unknown)
53
DNES — diffuse neuroendocrine cells function
Secrete in LP
54
LP of trachea
Loose CT w/ seromucous glands | Quite vascular
55
Muscularis mucosa in trachea
NONE
56
Submucosa of trachea contains ____ that blends with ___
Hyaline cartilage C ring; LP
57
Muscularis externa in trachea
Trachealis muscle
58
Adventitia in trachea is
CT
59
Extrapulmonary bronchi is structurally similar to
Trachea
60
Bronchi have more
Smooth muscle | Elastic CT
61
Bronchi have decreased amounts of
Cartilage # of glands and goblet cells Height of epi
62
Extrapulmonary bronchi includes
Primary bronchi
63
Intrapulmonary bronchi includes
Lobar and segmental bronchi
64
Bronchioles are characterized by
No cartilage or seromucous glands | Complete layer of sm ms
65
Epi of bronchioles
Ciliated columnar w/ some goblets and clara cells
66
Clara cells have short ___
Microvilli
67
Clara cells are _____ in surface epi of brochioles
Secretory cells
68
Clara cells secrete ____ and produce ____
Lyxozyme; surfactant-type material
69
Clara cells regenerate
Bronchiolar epi
70
Terminal bronchioles
Last part of conducting portion of respiratory system
71
Epi of terminal bronchioles
Ciliated simple columnar/cuboidal w/ clara cells
72
LP of terminal bronchioles
Fibroelastic CT
73
Respiratory bronchioles are the first region of
Respiratory portion of respiratory system
74
Epi of respiratory bronchioles
Simple cuboidal epi w/ clara cells and cilia
75
Epi of respiratory bronchioles has some _____ therefore ____ is possible
Simple squamous; gas exchange
76
Function of alveolar ducts
Gas exchange
77
Function of alveolar sacs
Gas exchange
78
Function of alveoli
Gas exchange
79
MC cell types in alveoli
Alveolar type I Alveolar type II Alveolar macrophage
80
Alveolar type I make up about ___% of alveolar surface
95
81
Alveolar type I is made up of squamous type cells w/
Zonula occludens
82
Functions of alveolar type I
Gas exchange
83
Alveolar type II pneumocyte makes up about ___% of alveolar surface
5%
84
Alveolar type II cells are ___ shape
Cuboidal
85
General functions of alveolar type II cells
Stem cell for alveolar cells Produce pulmonary surfactant Produce lysozyme
86
Alveolar macrophages develop from
Monocytes
87
General function of alveolar macrophage
Clean septal walls using phagocytosis | Produce lysozyme
88
Interalveolar septum parts
Alveolar type I/II cells Continuous capillary Basal lamin Little CT w/ lots of elastic fibers
89
Blood-gas barrier is a region where
O2 and CO2 pass btw air and blood
90
Parts of blood-gas barrier
Pulmonary surfactant Alveolar type I cell Fused basal lamina Endo cells of capillary
91
Fused basal lamina is shared btw
Alveolar type I cell | Endo cell of capillary
92
Blood gas barrier is the minimum _______that allows for most efficient gas exchange
Diffusion distance/barrier
93
Respiratory distress of newborn caused by
Too few mature alveolar type II cells
94
Emphysema is caused by
Dec in elastin — dec alveolar elasticity Reduced surface for gas exchange
95
Inflamm attracts macrophages and neutrophils which secrete
Elastase
96
Alpha 1 antitrypsin is a protein that protects ___ and is produced by ___
Elastic fibers; hepatocytes
97
Chemical in cig smoke can inactivate
Apha 1-AT
98
Genetic condition for emphysema
Hepatocytes produce alpha 1 AT but can’t release it
99
Lung cancer: squamous cell carcinoma
Develops from epi in segmental bronchi
100
Adenocarcinoma often develops from
Epi in alveoli and bronchioles
101
Small cell carcinoma often develops from
Small granule DNES cells in bronchi

Organ Histo (9 decks)

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