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Organ Histo > Exam 1: Immune System > Flashcards

Exam 1: Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

3 mechanisms of protection

A

Surface protection
Acute inflamm
Immune response

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2
Q

2 main types of adaptive immunity

A

Humoral and cell mediated

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3
Q

Humoral immunity is mediated by

A

B cells and plasma cells w/ T cell involvement

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4
Q

Humoral immunity involves

A

Ab production

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5
Q

Cell mediated immunity is mediated by

A

T lymphocytes

Cytotoxic response

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6
Q

General components of immune system

A

Diffuse lymphatics

Lymphatic organs

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7
Q

Primary lymphoid organs provide environment where

A

Lymphocytes become immunocompetent

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8
Q

Secondary lymphoid organs provide environment where

A

Lymphocytes contact foreign antigens

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9
Q

MALT

A

Mucosal-associated lymphatic tissue

GI, respiratory and urogenital tracts

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10
Q

2 categories of MALT

A

GALT (gut associated)

BALT (bronchial associated)

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11
Q

Tonsils w/ epithelial folds (pleated tonsils)

A

Pharyngeal tonsils

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12
Q

When inflamed pharyngeal tonsils are called

A

Adenoids

Block auditory tuber — ear infections

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13
Q

Tonsils w/ tonsillar crypts

A 
Palatine tonsils (faucial tonsils)
Lingual tonsils
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14
Q

Palatine tonsils covered by

A

Stratified squamous epi

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15
Q

Advantages to tonsillar crypts

A

More surface area for:

  • detecting foreign antigens
  • lymph nodule formation in CT
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16
Q

Disadvantage of tonsillar crypts

A

Bacteria thrive — inflamm — tonsillitis

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17
Q

Surface epi of lingual tonsils

A

Strat squamous

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18
Q

2 major functions of lymph nodes

A 
Filter lymph (phagocytosis)
Humoral and cell-mediated immunities
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19
Q

Capsule of lymph nodes made up of

A

Dense irregular CT

Septa also

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20
Q

Both afferent and efferent lymph vessels contain

A

Valves

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21
Q

Subcapsular sinus

A

AKA marginal sinus

1st to receive afferent lymph

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22
Q

Cortical sinus passes thru

A

Cortex

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23
Q

Sinus that passes thru paracortex

A

Deep cortical sinus

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24
Q

Sinus that passes through medulla

A

Medullary sinus

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25
Cells w/in regions and sinuses of lymph node are supported by
Reticular fibers
26
Primary cell type in cortex of lymph node
B lymphocyte
27
Activity in cortex
Phagocytosis and humoral immunity
28
Primary lymphoid nodules
Areas where naive B cells congregate
29
Secondary lymphoid nodule
Forms in response to antigen Active B cell division FDCs here
30
Primary cell type in paracortex
T lymphocyte
31
Activity in paracortex
Phagocytosis Storage for T cells Cell mediated immunity
32
HEVs
High endothelial venules
33
Function of HEVs
Facilitate passage of B/T cells into lymph node from blood
34
Primary cell type in medulla of lymph node
Plasma cells
35
Activity in medulla
Phagocytosis Some cell-mediated immunity Lots of humoral immunity
36
Process of involution of thymus after puberty
1=septa 2= cortex 3= medulla
37
Function of thymus
Create Immunocompetent T cells
38
Thymocyte
T lymphoblast in thymus
39
Thin capsule of thymus made up of
Dense irrecular CT
40
Lobules in thymus have a peripheral ____ and a central ____
Cortex; medulla
41
Microstroma is made up of
Thymic epithelial cells (TECs)
42
Functions of TECs
1. Support 2. Secrete thymic hormones/cytokines 3. Form thymic corpuscles 4. Blood-thymic barrier
43
Functions of thymic hormones/cytokines
Influence T cell maturation
44
Thymic corpuscles are only in
Medulla
45
Function of thymic corpuscles
Secrete cytokines to influence dendritic and T cells
46
Blood-thymic barrier perivascular compartment
CT w/ many macrophages To destroy foreign molecules
47
Function of blood-thymic barrier
Prevent T cells from contacting foreign antigens
48
What types of TECs present self antigens to maturing T cells
Type II and III
49
Thymus cortex contains what cell types
T lymphocytes Macrophages TECs I, II, III
50
Medulla of thymus cell types
Fewer but larger T cells Macrophages Dendritic cells TEC IV, V, VI
51
T lymphoblasts are produced in
Bone marrow
52
T lymphoblasts enter thymus as
ImmuniINcompetent T cells
53
T lymphoblasts go to cortex where they:
Divide, tested through positive selection process
54
T cells that fail the selection process
Apoptosis (98%)
55
T cells that survive migrate to
Medulla
56
In the medulla the T cells go through
Negative selection process
57
Negative selection process turns T cells into
Cytotoxic T and Th cells
58
Mature immunocompetent T cells leave thymus in
Post-capillary venules or efferent lymph
59
Thymus is lacking
Afferent lymph vessels | Reticular fibers and cells
60
Hemopoietic organ in fetus
Spleen
61
Spleen stores
T cells Some WBCs and platelets (Large # of monocytes)
62
Capsule of spleen
Thick dense irregular CT | Has some smooth muscle (myofibroblasts)
63
Trabeculae of spleen
Dense irregular CT Carry BVs, lymphatics and nerves
64
Cells in spleen are supported by
Reticular fibers
65
2 areas of splenic parenchyma
White and red pulp
66
White pulp are areas of concentrated
Lymphocytes
67
White pulp general function
Immunity
68
Areas of white pulp
Next to capsule/septa Splenic nodules Periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths
69
Splenic nodules
B cell structures MC in children Humoral immunity
70
Periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths (PALS)
Storage for T cells Surround central arterioles Cell-mediated immunity
71
Red pulp functions
Rapid blood filtration | Contact w/ blood-borne antigens
72
Closed circulation in red pulp
Capillaries connect to venous sinuses made of stave cells
73
Stave cells
Elongated endothelial cells
74
Open circulation in red pulp
Capillaries end abruptly
75
Splenic cords contain
``` MANY mactophages Recitular cells Monocytes APCs Plasma cells ```
76
Splenectomy causes blood changes
Inc in platelets and abnormal RBCs
77
Splenectomy causes increased risk of
Infection — bacterial septicemia
78
Splenectomy causes liver to
Take up blood filtration
79
Symptoms of mono
Sore throat Fever Swollen lymph nodes
80
Virus that causes mono
Epstein-Barr Virus

Organ Histo (9 decks)

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