Exam 3 (Ch 7-9) Flashcards
What was Hermann Ebbinghaus’s contribution to the study of memory?
He was the first to do experiments to measure memory
Comparing several methods of testing memory leads to which of these conclusions?
People might or might not remember something, depending on how we test them.
If asked to tell your social security number (without looking it up), you are being asked to perform which type of memory test?
free recall
Your history professor gives you a list of the initials of all the U.S. presidents and vice presidents and asks you to fill in the names. What kind of memory test is this?
cued recall
After you witness a robbery, you have trouble describing the thief. The police show you several photographs and ask whether any of them was the thief. They are checking your memory by which method?
recognition
You cannot remember the geography you learned in junior high school. Someone tests whether you can relearn it faster than you learned it the first time. Which type of memory test is this?
Savings
One unusual feature of implicit memory is that
people can display implict memory without realizing that they are using memory.
People read a list of words including PENDULUM. Later they are shown something like __E__D__L__M and they try to fill in the missing letters. What is unusual about this method of testing memory?
Even people who cannot remember the words on the list show signs of memory by this test.
When you remember how to tie your shoes, what type of memory is this?
procedural
In what way is identifying a suspect from a lineup similar to taking a multiple choice test?
Both are a form of a recognition memory test.
In the traditional information-processing model, one difference between short-term memory and long-term memory is that
you forget many short-term memories almost as soon as your attention is distracted; long-term memories can be available for much longer periods of time.
Someone asks you what time it is. You check your watch and answer. A few seconds later, after you have been distracted, someone asks what time you said it was. You have forgotten. According to the traditional information-processing view, what type of memory was this?
Short term
Your memory of the rules of basketball or golf is a type of
semantic memory
Memory of a specific experience such as graduating from high school is known as
episodic memory
Which of the following is an example of episodic memory?
remembering what happened your first day of elementary school
Remembering a specific event in your life is _____ memory. Remembering a fact or principle is _____ memory.
episodic….semantic
You want to remember a shopping list of 9 items. To aid memory, you group them as 3 fruits, 3 vegetables, and 3 dairy items. This strategy makes use of
chunking
You are given a list of grocery items to remember to purchase on your trip to the store. These items are; apples, bread, celery, lettuce, grapes, and onions. According to the recency effect, what item are you most likely to remember?
onions
When you memorize a list of words, which words are you are most likely to remember?
those at the beginning and end of the list.
When you are studying something, how could you increase your depth of processing?
Think about how it relates to other things you know and care about.
You study something until you are confident that you will remember it. Then what?
Even if you are able to repeat it now, you underestimate how much you will forget.
To improve your probability of performing a learned skill well, or your probability of remembering something in a variety of circumstances, you should
study or practice under a variety of conditions.
John needed to remember the last 10 presidents of the United States. He generated an image of each of the presidents located somewhere in his house. John used
the method of loci
Mnemonic devices are most useful in helping people to do what?
remember a list of unrelated words
First you memorized the street map of Detroit. If you now memorize the street map of Philadelphia, you might forget the Detroit map because of
retroactive interference
What is anterograde amnesia?
inability to form new long-term memories
What is retrograde amnesia?
loss of memories that formed before a certain event
After the neurological patient H.M. suffered damage to his hippocampus, he experienced a severe loss in his __________, but continued to be almost normal in his __________.
memory for new facts…ability to learn new skills
People with amnesia typically have problems with __________ memories while __________ memories remain intact.
declarative; procedural
When you are asked how something would look from a different angle, you say you “imagined rotating the object in my head.” What evidence did Shepard & Metzler present to show that what you did really is like watching an object rotate?
The delay to answering is proportional to the angular distance of rotation.
