Exam 2 (Ch 4-6) Flashcards
When you see something
energy comes from the object into your eyes
True or False, People see little or no color in the periphery of their visual field.
True
True or False, You can detect faint light (like a distant star in a dark sky) best in the center of your retina.
False
Where are the receptors that light must strike, in order for you to see it? In the _______.
Retina
True or False, Because all the axons exit from the eye at the same place, everyone has a blind spot.
True
As light passes through the eye it is first focused by the __________, which always focuses light in the same way, and the __________, which is flexible and enables focusing on objects at different distances by varying its thickness.
cornea……lens
Which part of the human retina has the best color vision?
The Fovea
Rods and cones are located in the
Retina
People are color-blind in the ___ of the eye because that area has few or no ___.
periphery… cones
According to the trichromatic theory (Young-Helmholtz theory) of color vision, how do we perceive the difference between one color and another?
by the relative amount of excitation of three types of cones
According to the opponent-process theory of color vision, how do we perceive color?
by a red-green system, a yellow-blue system, and a black-white system.
Which of the following most directly supports the opponent-process theory of color vision?
A-We can recognize all colors even while wearing tinted glasses.
B-It is possible to match any color of light by mixing three other colors.
C-We see negative afterimages after staring at a bright-colored image.
D-Rods and cones contribute to vision in different ways.
C-We see negative afterimages after staring at a bright-colored image.
Which of these observations gave rise to the retinex theory of color vision?
A-It is possible to match any color by mixing three other colors
B-The apparent color of an object depends on the color of nearby objects.
C-Color vision is well developed in the fovea but not in the periphery.
D-Most people who have trouble seeing red have trouble seeing green as well.
B-The apparent color of an object depends on the color of nearby objects.
The frequency of sound waves is most closely related to which aspect of our hearing?
Pitch
The loudness of a sound relates most closely to which physical aspect of sound waves?
amplitude
Sound waves are carried through the ear by three tiny bones to a fluid-filled, snail-shaped structure called the
cochlea
The vestibular system is responsible for which kind of sensation?
Position of the head
In what way do hurt feelings resemble physical pain, if at all?
Hurt feelings activate sensory areas of the brain the same way pain does.
Endorphins stimulate the same receptors as which of these drugs?
morphine
Capsaicin, the chemical that makes jalapeno peppers taste hot, is sometimes used for what?
to relieve pain associated with aching muscles
What causes a phantom limb (reporting sensations from an amputated limb)?
sprouting of axons to other areas of the somatosensory cortex
In adult humans, where are the taste buds located?
The taste receptors are located around the small structures known as papillae found on the upper surface of the tongue, soft palate, upper esophagus, the cheek, and epiglottis.
How many types of olfactory receptors does a person have?
Hundreds
When people try to judge whether a stimulus is present or absent, they make correct judgments, misses, and false alarms. The study of their answers is known as
signal-detection theory.
What is the slogan of Gestalt psychology?
The whole is different from the sum of its parts.
Which of the following is a binocular cue to depth perception? A. relative sizes of objects B. shadows C. motion parallax D. retinal disparity
D-retinal disparity
An investigator who uses a cross-sectional design
examines different groups of people at the same time.
An investigator who uses a longitudinal design
examines a single group of people at several times as they age.
On average, young adults today know more about computers than do their parents, who know more than the grandparents. This difference is probably an example of
a cohort effect.
Which of the following is often a cause of brain abnormalities in newborns?
A.The mother gained weight during pregnancy.
B. The mother had “morning sickness” during pregnancy.
C. The mother drank large amounts of alcohol during pregnancy.
D. The mother exercised frequently during pregnancy.
C-The mother drank large amounts of alcohol during pregnancy.
How does drinking too much alcohol harm the brain of a woman’s developing fetus?
by decreasing excitation of neurons in the fetus’s brain
Which of these attracts the most attention by a 2-day-old human infant?
A. solid white picture.
B. narrow diagonally striped pattern.
C. drawing of a human face.
D. solid red picture.
C- drawing of a human face.
