Exam 3: Basic Protein Lecture Flashcards
Definition
Organized complex of amino acids
Amino acid structure
C, H, N, O (sometimes S)
Amino acids vary by …?
- Amino acids vary by side chains
Branched chain amino acid unique metabolism allows them to be used for
Branched chain amino acid unique metabolism allows them to be used for energy by
muscle cells.
Which amino acids have sulfur in their branch chain?
Cysteine and Methionine
- _________ is most simple structure
- Glycine is most simple structure
2 amino acid chain
Dipeptide
3 amino acid chain
Tripeptide
usually many amino acids
Polypeptide
- Protein- usually 50+ or 100+
- Has polypeptide backbone chain
Amino acid classification
- Non-essential amino acids
- Essential amino acids
- Essential amino acids
produce by body yes or no?
can make some of it but dont make enough, need to
consume
PVT MT HILL
Phenylalanine, Valine, Tryptophan, Methionine, Threonine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine
What is a limiting amino acid?
A limiting amino acid is an essential amino acid that is present in the smallest amount relative to the body’s needs when consuming a particular food or protein source.
Alanine is a precursor of ———- and plays roll in ——— and ———-
Alanine is a precursor of pyruvate and plays a role in gluconeogenesis and amino
transport.
Arginine is a precursor of ——— and plays a role in ———-.
- Arginine is a precursor of creatine and plays a role in energy metabolism.
Cysteine is a precursor of ——- and
plays a role in———-
- Cysteine is a precursor of Glutathione (protects athletes from oxidative stress) and
plays a role in oxidation/reduction
Glutamine is a precursor of ——- and ——- and plays a role in ———- ———
- Glutamine is a precursor of purines and pyrimidines and plays a role in nucleic acids.
Lysine is a precursor of ——- and plays a role in —— transport.
- Lysine is a precursor of carnitine and plays a role in lipid transport.
Phenylalanine is a precursor of ———- and plays a role in ——— synthesis.
- Phenylalanine is a precursor of tyrosine (which plays a role in hormones) and plays a role in hormone synthesis.
Tryptophan is a precursor of ——— and plays a role in ————. It also is
a precursor of ——— which plays a role in vitamins. Protein classification
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- Tryptophan is a precursor of serotonin and plays a role in neurotransmitters. It also is
a precursor of niacin which plays a role in vitamins. Protein classification
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- Complete
- Incomplete (would not sustain life alone)
What foods provide complete protein?
- Animal foods: meat, milk, fish, poultry, eggs
- Legumes
- Soybeans especially high quality - Nuts
- Pistachios are shown to be a complete protein
- Grains
- Some sports bars and drinks
Protein Requirements:
- Adult RDA
- 0.8 g/kg
Protein Requirements:
- Per weight, need is greatest for infants
Protein Requirements:
- Usually recommended —— to ——— % of kcal
12-15% of calories
Essential element of protein?
Nitrogen
each amino acid has one ______ group and an ______ group
an amino group (NH2) and an acid group (COOH)
There are _______amino acids, all
of which can be combined in a variety of ways to form the protein necessary for the structure and functions of the human body
20
The nine amino acids
that cannot be manufactured in the body are called ______, or ______, amino acids and must be supplied in the ________.
The nine amino acids
that cannot be manufactured in the body are called essential, or indispensable amino acids and must be supplied in the diet.
Those that
may be formed in the body are called _______, or ___________,
amino acids
Those that
may be formed in the body are called nonessential, or dispensable,
amino acids
complete protiens are
In general, those foods that contain an adequate content of all
nine essential amino acids to support both life and growth
animal products
plant food typically in smaller quantities
incomplete proteins
those foods that have a deficiency of one
or more essential amino acids and are unable to support life or
growth
Grain products are usually deficient in ____,
whereas legumes are low in _____.
Grain products are usually deficient in lysine,
whereas legumes are low in methionine.
Animal Foods
meat, dairy, egg
plant foods
legumes (black, garbanzo, great northern, kidney, lima, navy, pinto, soy-
beans), lentils, and peas (black-eyed, split)
nuts
glycine is a ________
inhibitor
glycine is a neurotransmitter
inhibitor
