Exam 3: Basic Protein Lecture

Question 1

Definition

Answer 1

Organized complex of amino acids

Question 2

Amino acid structure

Answer 2

C, H, N, O (sometimes S)

Question 3

Amino acids vary by …?

Answer 3

• Amino acids vary by side chains

Question 4

Branched chain amino acid unique metabolism allows them to be used for

Answer 4

Branched chain amino acid unique metabolism allows them to be used for energy by
muscle cells.

Question 5

Which amino acids have sulfur in their branch chain?

Answer 5

Cysteine and Methionine

Question 6

• _________ is most simple structure

Answer 6

• Glycine is most simple structure

Question 7

2 amino acid chain

Answer 7

Dipeptide

Question 8

3 amino acid chain

Answer 8

Tripeptide

Question 9

usually many amino acids

Answer 9

Polypeptide

Question 10

• Protein- usually 50+ or 100+

Question 11

• Has polypeptide backbone chain

Question 12

Amino acid classification

Answer 12

• Non-essential amino acids
• Essential amino acids

Question 13

• Essential amino acids
  produce by body yes or no?

Answer 13

can make some of it but dont make enough, need to
consume

Question 14

PVT MT HILL

Answer 14

Phenylalanine, Valine, Tryptophan, Methionine, Threonine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine

Question 15

What is a limiting amino acid?

Answer 15

A limiting amino acid is an essential amino acid that is present in the smallest amount relative to the body’s needs when consuming a particular food or protein source.

Question 16

Alanine is a precursor of ———- and plays roll in ——— and ———-

Answer 16

Alanine is a precursor of pyruvate and plays a role in gluconeogenesis and amino
transport.

Question 17

Arginine is a precursor of ——— and plays a role in ———-.

Answer 17

• Arginine is a precursor of creatine and plays a role in energy metabolism.

Question 18

Cysteine is a precursor of ——- and
plays a role in———-

Answer 18

• Cysteine is a precursor of Glutathione (protects athletes from oxidative stress) and
  plays a role in oxidation/reduction

Question 19

Glutamine is a precursor of ——- and ——- and plays a role in ———- ———

Answer 19

• Glutamine is a precursor of purines and pyrimidines and plays a role in nucleic acids.

Question 20

Lysine is a precursor of ——- and plays a role in —— transport.

Answer 20

• Lysine is a precursor of carnitine and plays a role in lipid transport.

Question 21

Phenylalanine is a precursor of ———- and plays a role in ——— synthesis.

Answer 21

• Phenylalanine is a precursor of tyrosine (which plays a role in hormones) and plays a role in hormone synthesis.

Question 22

Tryptophan is a precursor of ——— and plays a role in ————. It also is
a precursor of ——— which plays a role in vitamins. Protein classification
💪

Answer 22

• Tryptophan is a precursor of serotonin and plays a role in neurotransmitters. It also is
  a precursor of niacin which plays a role in vitamins. Protein classification
  💪

Question 23

• Complete

Question 24

• Incomplete (would not sustain life alone)

Question 25

What foods provide complete protein?

Answer 25

• Animal foods: meat, milk, fish, poultry, eggs
• Legumes
• Soybeans especially high quality - Nuts
• Pistachios are shown to be a complete protein
• Grains
• Some sports bars and drinks

Question 26

Protein Requirements:

• Adult RDA

Answer 26

• 0.8 g/kg

Question 27

Protein Requirements:

Answer 27

• Per weight, need is greatest for infants

Question 28

Protein Requirements:
- Usually recommended —— to ——— % of kcal

Answer 28

12-15% of calories

Question 29

Essential element of protein?

Answer 29

Nitrogen

Question 30

each amino acid has one ______ group and an ______ group

Answer 30

an amino group (NH2) and an acid group (COOH)

Question 31

There are _______amino acids, all
of which can be combined in a variety of ways to form the protein necessary for the structure and functions of the human body

Answer 31

20

Question 32

The nine amino acids
that cannot be manufactured in the body are called ______, or ______, amino acids and must be supplied in the ________.

Answer 32

The nine amino acids
that cannot be manufactured in the body are called essential, or indispensable amino acids and must be supplied in the diet.

Question 33

Those that
may be formed in the body are called ­ _______, or ___________,
amino acids

Answer 33

Those that
may be formed in the body are called ­ nonessential, or dispensable,
amino acids

Question 34

complete protiens are

Answer 34

In general, those foods that contain an adequate content of all
nine essential amino acids to support both life and growth

animal products
plant food typically in smaller quantities

Question 35

incomplete proteins

Answer 35

those foods that have a deficiency of one
or more essential amino acids and are unable to support life or
growth

Question 36

Grain products are usually deficient in ____,
whereas legumes are low in _____.

Answer 36

Grain products are usually deficient in lysine,
whereas legumes are low in methionine.

Question 37

Animal Foods

Answer 37

meat, dairy, egg

Question 38

plant foods

Answer 38

legumes (black, garbanzo, great northern, kidney, lima, navy, pinto, soy-
beans), lentils, and peas (black-eyed, split)

nuts

Question 39

glycine is a ________
inhibitor

Answer 39

glycine is a neurotransmitter
inhibitor