Exam 2: Carbohydrates Flashcards
What are carbohydrates
organic compounds that contain carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen in various combinations
CHO nomenclature typically ends in “ose”?
not always true
What are the 3 major categories of CHO?
- simple
- complex
- dietary fiber
Types of simple sugars
Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
What are monosaccharide
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
What are the 3 disaccharides
Maltose=
Lactose
Sucrose
What are refined sugars
Monosaccharides and disaccharides, such as glucose and
sucrose, may be isolated from foods in purified forms
corn syrup
Trisaccharides and higher saccharides also exist
and may be found in commonly used sweeteners such as corn
syrup. For example, high-fructose corn syrup, a common food
additive, is a manufactured carbohydrate derived from the conver-
sion of glucose in corn starch to fructose. Other food additives
that are primarily sugar include honey, brown sugar, maple syrup,
molasses, and fruit juice concentrate.
What are complex CHO made up of?
three or more glucose molecules combine
Types of complex carbohydrates
- Polysaccharides
- Oligosaccharides
complex carbohydrates are commonly known as _______
starches
What are polysaccharides composed of?
more than
ten glucose molecules are combined
Types of polysaccharide
- Dextrins
- Starch
- Glycogen
- Dietary Fiber
Forms of Starches, starch is the storage of what?
- amylose
- amylopectin
- resistant starch
Plants
Glycogen is storage form of
storage form in humans
3 types of Fiber
- Dietary Fiber
- Functional Fiber
- Total Fiber
What are glucose polymers?
polysaccharides prepared commercially by con-
trolled hydrolysis of starch
Which is common glucose
polymers used in sports drinks
maltodextrins
Dietary Fiber is
nondigestible
carbohydrates and lignin that are intrinsic and intact in plants;
this would include resistant starch
Functional Fiber is
Functional fiber consists of iso-
lated, nondigestible carbohydrates that have beneficial physiologi-
cal effects in humans
Total Fiber is
Total fiber is the sum of dietary fiber and
functional fiber. These nondigestible substances, which means
that they are not digested and absorbed in the human small intes-
tine, are usually a mixture of polysaccharides found in the plant
wall or intracellular structures.
Primary sources of digestible CHO
- Grains
- Fruits
- Vegetables
Other sources of digestible CHO
- Dairy group: ice cream, chocolate milk
- Protein group: beans, lentils, nuts,
- Sweets:
- Sports drinks/food
What is soluble fiber
found to dissolve or swell in water and may be metabo-
lized by bacteria in the large intestine