Exam 3- Alterations In Erythrocyte Function Flashcards

1
Q

Reticulocytosis

A

Increased blood level of immature erythrocytes.

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2
Q

Polycythemia

A

Increased number or volume of circulating erythrocytes.

Blood can be too thick, causing blood clots.

Relative polycythemia as a result of dehydration after excessive diarrhea. Absolute polycythemia occurs in people who have hypercapnia in COPD.

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3
Q

Anemia

A

Decreased number or volume of circulating erythrocytes.

Plasma volume increases to compensate, and the blood viscosity decreases, which causes blood flow to be turbulent.

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4
Q

Eryptosis

A

Premature death of damage and erythrocytes.

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5
Q

Poikilocytosis

A

Having erythrocytes of different shape.

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6
Q

Anisocytosis

A

Having erythrocytes of different sizes

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7
Q

Pancytopenia

A

Decreased number of circulating erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets.

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8
Q

Microcytic

A

Erythrocytes small in size.

Results from defective DNA synthesis in bone marrow precursors.

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9
Q

Macrocytic

A

Erythrocytes large in size.

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10
Q

Folate deficiency anemia

A

Lack of folate for erythropoiesis. Premature cell death.

Associated with chronic malnourishment and chronic alcohol abuse. Dietary folate deficiency.

Microcytic-normochromic

Disease of impaired erythrocyte production.

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11
Q

Megoblastic anemis

A

Indicates that the erythrocytes are macrocytic

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12
Q

Iron deficiency anemia

A

Disease of impaired erythrocyte production.

Highest occurrence in women during the reproductive years and decreases after menopause. GI bleeds.

Symptoms: pallor, glossitis (tongue loses papillae and looks fissures) and koilonychia (concave, brittle fingernails).

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13
Q

Lactoferrin

A

Released by neutrophils. Binds iron during bacterial infection, that’s contributing to anemia of chronic disease.

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14
Q

Anemia of chronic kidney disease

A

A major contributor is deficiency of erythropoietin.

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15
Q

Alloimmune hemolytic anemia

A

Can occur intravascular Lee, such as the hemolysis that occurs from a mismatch blood transfusion.

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16
Q

Congenital hemolytic disorders

A

Correlated with splenomegaly.

17
Q

Normocytic-normochromich

A

Normal MVC and MCHC.

Examples: aplastic anemia, post hemorrhagic anemia, sickle cell anemia. Anemia of chronic disease.

18
Q

Anemia of chronic disease

A

Contributors: the release of cytokines during chronic inflammation decrease the availability of iron and inhibit erythroid production; lactoferrin releases neutrophils during bacterial infection, binding to iron.

Disease of impaired erythrocyte production.

Normocytic-normochromic.

19
Q

Thalassemia

A

Impaired synthesis of alpha or beta chain of hemoglobin a. Phagocytosis of abnormal erythroblasts in the marrow.

Microcytic-hypochromic. Type of hemolytic anemia. Defect of hemoglobin synthesis.

20
Q

Sickle cell anemia

A

Normocytic- normochromic.

Disease of increased erythrocyte distraction.

21
Q

Pernicious anemia

A

Lack of vitamin B12 for erythropoiesis. Abnormal DNA and rna synthesis in the erythroblast. Premature cell death.

Cause: congenital or acquired deficiency of intrinsic factor (IF); genetic disorder of DNA synthesis.

Disease of impaired erythrocyte production.

Macrocytic normochromic

22
Q

Aplastic anemia

A

An autoimmune disease in which Tc cells damage the HSCs in the bone marrow.

Disease of impaired erythrocyte production. Normocytic – normochromic.

One cause is benzene exposure.

23
Q

Hypochromic

A

Lower MCHC (Hgb content)

Symptoms are glossitis (tongue loses papillae and looks fissures) and koilonychia (concave, brittle fingernails).

24
Q

Hyperchromic

A

Higher MCHC (Hgb volume)

25
Q

Hereditary hemochromatosis

A

Autosomal recessive disorder that causes increased absorption of dietary iron.

May have to have blood removed regularly to decrease liver damage by having too much iron in the blood.

26
Q

Sideroblastic anemias

A

Characterized by defective synthesis of gene and may be acquired or hereditary, in which they usually have recessive X-linked transmission.

27
Q

Myelodysplastic Syndrome

A

Involves defects in all lines of HSCs.

Some people may develop leukemia.

28
Q

Serum ferritin levels

A

Used to measure iron when diagnosing anemia.

29
Q

Congenital hemolytic anemia

A

Caused by intrinsic defects in erythrocytes.

Occurs in the spleen by the action of macrophages.

30
Q

Acquired hemolytic anemias

A

Caused by the immune system.

Ex: drug-induced hemolytic anemia from antibiotics usually begins when the anabiotic serves as a hapten binds to erythrocyte proteins. When the drug attaches to the erythrocytes, the body makes antibodies that attached to the red blood cells and mark them for distraction. As a result, too many of them are destroyed by the spleen.

31
Q

Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia

A

Acquired. Idiopathic, caused by illness, or drug.

Most common type of autoimmune hemolytic anemia.

caused by IgG binding to erythrocytes with subsequent destruction of those erythrocytes in the spleen.

32
Q

Jaundice

A

Only occurs from hemolysis when heme destruction exceeds the limits ability to process and excrete bilirubin.

33
Q

Sickle cell anemia

A

Type of hemolytic anemia. Defect of hemoglobin synthesis.