Exam 2or3?: chapter 10

Question 1

Emotional Expressions: 0-2 months

Answer 1

interest, distress, disgust, contentment

Question 2

Emotional Expressions: 2-7 months

Answer 2

interest, distress, disgust, contentment,
new: anger, sadness, joy, surprise, and fear

Question 3

Basic emotions

Answer 3

Universal emotions expressed similarly in all cultures and are present at birth or in the early months
- Joy
- Anger
- Surprise
- Sadness
- Disgust

Question 4

first smile

Answer 4

3 weeks – linked with shifts in arousal state

Question 5

social smile

Answer 5

smile in response to seeing familiar people
6 – 10 weeks of age

Question 6

age at Laughter

Answer 6

3 – 4 months

Question 7

age at anger

Answer 7

6 months

Question 8

Self-conscious Emotions

Answer 8

depend on cognitive development and
awareness of self
* For example: empathy, pride, embarrassment, shame, guilt
* Emerge around 15–18 months

Question 9

Emotion Regulation

Answer 9

ability to control one’s emotions

Question 10

Parental Interaction in the context of emotional development

Answer 10

• Techniques to help infants learn to manage emotions
• Interpretation of child’s emotions

Question 11

Interactive play in the context of emotional development

Answer 11

Development of motor skills and emotions

Question 12

Social Referencing

Answer 12

tendency to look to caregivers’ or other adults’ emotional expressions to find clues for how to interpret ambiguous events

Question 13

Emotional Display Rules

Answer 13

standards as to how individuals display feelings within a given social context

Question 14

Stranger Wariness

Answer 14

Fear of unfamiliar people

Question 15

Emotional Understanding

Answer 15

• Understanding factors that affect emotions
• Understanding of mixed or conflicting emotions

Question 16

Emotion Regulation

Answer 16

• Become better able to manage their emotional experience and how emotions are displayed
• Influenced by advances in cognitive development, theory of mind, and language development

Question 17

Daily Hassles

Answer 17

small stresses that quickly accumulate to influence adults’ mood and ability to cope

Question 18

Signaling behaviors

Answer 18

behaviors aimed at bringing caregivers into contact with infants

Question 19

Stages of attachment formation (Bowlby’s Ethological Perspective on Attachment)

Answer 19

1. Indiscriminate Social Responsiveness (birth to 2 months)
2. Discriminating Sociability (2 through 6–7 months)
3. Attachments (7–24 months)
4. Reciprocal Relationships (24–30 months and onward)

Question 20

Secure Base

Answer 20

a foundation for an infant to return to when frightened

Question 21

Separation Protest (Separation Anxiety)

Answer 21

reaction to separations from attachment figure characterized by fear, distress, crying, and whining

Question 22

Internal Working Model

Answer 22

set of expectations about one’s worthiness of love, the availability of attachment figures during times of distress, and how one will be treated

Question 23

Secure attachment

Answer 23

positive, enduring emotional bond between two people

Question 24

Insecure Avoidant

Answer 24

Avoid caregiver

Question 25

Insecure Anxious

Answer 25

Show considerable resistance or ambivalence toward caregiver

Question 26

types of adult attachments

Answer 26

* Secure * Anxious * Avoidant * Disorganized

Question 27

Temperament

Answer 27

* Characteristic way in which an individual approaches and reacts to people and situations * One of basic building blocks of emotion and personality * Strong biological determinants

Question 28

Styles of Temperament

Answer 28

easy, difficult, and slow-to-warm-up