Exam 2 week 8

Question 1

what are the four changes in journalism that prompted by the success of the mass press

Answer 1

• basis of economic support
• pattern of newspaper distribution
• definition of what constitued news
• techniques of news collection

(read notes for breif description)

Question 2

identify and describe the bad management decision that contributed to the struggle of contemporary newspapers

Answer 2

• Publishers didn’t know what to do with internet.
• Online editions created to steer readers to print editions
• Online editions were free, readers paid nothing –created expectation news online was free.
• Prompted papers to expand and to buy up existing properties

Question 3

what is a newshole?

Answer 3

amount of news that can be printed in one edition

Question 4

what are the 6 defining features of newspapers

Answer 4

• news made of diverse content
• news conveniently packaged, organized
• news local
• news serves as historical record
• news perform the watchdog role in our society
• news is timely

Question 5

what are the 3 main types of online newspaper websites

Answer 5

• news aggregators - take info from many sources and melt into news presentation
• online websites associated with local/national print newspaper
• online-only sites

Question 6

what are the two main sources of newspaper revenue? Which one is more imporatant?

Answer 6

selling advertising space and circulation income.

advertising more important.

Question 7

describe the authoritarian theory of press/state relations

Answer 7

prevailing belief was that the ruling eltie should guide the masses, who intellectual ability was held in low self esteem. forced compliance of the press, censorship, etc.

Question 8

descibe the libertarian theory of press/state relations

Answer 8

opposite of authoritarian
assum the human beings are rational and capable of making their own decisions and that the fovernments exist to serve the individual

Question 9

describe the five elements that characterize a newsworthy event

Answer 9

• timeliness
• proximity
• prominence
• consequence
• human interest

Question 10

as an element of a newsworthy event, what is timeliness

Answer 10

yesterdays news is old news, wnats more current stories.

Question 11

as an element of a newsworthy event, what is proximity

Answer 11

news happens close by. readers/viewers wawnt to learn about their own neighborhood, town, country

Question 12

as an element of a newsworthy event, what is prominence

Answer 12

more important a person, more valuable source he/she is.

Question 13

as an element of a newsworthy event, what is consequence

Answer 13

events that affect a great deal of people have built-in news value

Question 14

as an element of a newsworthy event, what is human interest

Answer 14

stories that around some emotion in audience

Question 15

what is hyperlocal news

Answer 15

concentrates on the stories, no matter how small, of a particular community or zip code or interest group in a define geographic area. Most can be found on websites

Question 16

what is hard news

Answer 16

make up the bulk of news reporting, typically embody the first four of the five traditional news values discussed. Consist of basic facts: who, what, when, where, how. Important public events, has significance for large numbers of people.

Question 17

what is soft news

Answer 17

features, cover a wide territory. all soft news interest the audience, features typically rely on human interest for the news value.

appeal to people curiosity, sympathy, skepticism, and/or amazement

Question 18

A 2001 study found investors were most concerned with what relative to newspapers

Answer 18

tendency to publish more opinon than fact. They are worried that the net will distort the truth of the world in what some call the net “echo chamber”

Question 19

to continue covering public affairs with smaller staffs, news organizations have been relying on who to fill this gap

Answer 19

volunteers and students

Question 20

what are the two different ways that newspapers do to increase revenue as they transition away from a reliance on printed paper

Answer 20

internet access fees, also earning commissions by linking their sites to retailers (ads)

Question 21

what is a shield law

Answer 21

gives journalist protection against supplying evidence

Question 22

what is the benefit of ideological news outlets for advertisers

Answer 22

coverage of all persuasions. Sites that draw identifiable demographic groups

Question 23

what was the effect of repealing the Fairness Doctrine on talk radio?

Answer 23

est 1949. required broadcasters to present controversial issues of public importance and to do so fairly. Repeal of the Fairness Doctrine enabled political talk radio to emerge as an important political force.