Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Immunology > Exam 2- Types II and III Hypersensitivity > Flashcards

Exam 2- Types II and III Hypersensitivity Flashcards

1
Q

what antibody classes mediate types II and III hypersensitivity?

A

IgM and/or IgG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are type II hypersensitivity reactions stimulated by?

A

binding of antibody directly to an antigen on the surface of a cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are type III hypersensitivity reactions stimulated by?

A

immune complexes of soluble antigens with antibody (essentially IgG)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what mediates type II hypersensitivity?

A

antibodies against target antigens that are either normal or altered cell membrane components

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the mechanisms of type II hypersensitivity?

A

activates complement:
lysis of cell
opsonization through surface receptors for Fc or C3b leading to phagocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are isohemagglutinins?

A

natural antibodies to donor red blood cells antigens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

are isohemagglutinins usually apparent in serum or plasma if the host has not been exposed to foreign red blood cell antigens?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

___ antibodies mediate destruction of red blood cells by complement-mediated lysis because ___ is very efficient in activating complement

A

IgM
IgM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what does major crossmatch involve?

A

donor red blood cells and recipient serum or plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what does minor crossmatch involve?

A

recipient red blood cells and donor serum or plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

why should cats be crossmatched before their first transfusion?

A

presence of naturally occurring antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how many major blood group antigens do dogs have?

A

eight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what natural isohemagglutinins do dogs have?

A

against 3, 5, and 7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what blood groups are of clinical significance in dogs?

A

DEA 1.1 and DEA 1.2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how many blood groups do equines have?

A

over 30, 7 internationally recognized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is hemolytic disease of the newborn?

A

newborn inherits a red cell antigen from its sire that is not present in its mother
mother sensitized to the red cell antigen
mother’s response boosted by transplancental hemorrhage in late gestation
young animal ingests high levels antibodies to its red blood cells in colostrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what species is hemolytic disease of the newborn found in?

A

dogs
cats
equines

18
Q

what will autoantibodies cause?

A

impair cellular function without causing cell injury or inflammation or mediate target cell destruction by antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity

19
Q

how are cats exposed to antigens mimicking blood group antigens?

A

widely distributed in nature
maybe absorb through gut

20
Q

true/false: many isohemagglutinins appear in serum or plasma before the host is exposed directly to foreign red blood cell antigens

A

false: most do not appear in serum before this because they are not always expressed by microbes or environmental substances

21
Q

what can result in hemaglobinemia and hemaglobinuria?

A

hemolysis due to IgM mediated destruction of red blood cells by complement

22
Q

what crossmatch is to be performed if plasma is being transfused?

A

a minor crossmatch: recipient red blood cells and donor plasma

23
Q

what are the blood groups in cats?

A

one blood group: feline AB with two blood types: type A and type B
rare AB

24
Q

what blood group reaction in cats has the stronger agglutinins and hemolysins?

A

in B cats, the anti-A antibodies have them, especially of IgM class
A cats have weaker, of both IgM and IgG

25
Q

true/false: hemolysis reactions to blood transfusions are always delayed-type hemolysis in dogs

A

true

26
Q

what happens if a dog negative for blood group antigens 3, 5, and 7 receives blood from a dog with one or more of the three?

A

delayed type hemolysis: 7-10 days

27
Q

true/false: you can transfuse blood relatively safely into a dog without crossmatching it first

A

true: do not have isohemagglutinins against DEA 1.1 or 1.2

28
Q

what are the antibodies against blood types in dogs that can cause acute hemolytic reaction?

A

DEA 1.1 and 1.2 only

29
Q

what blood types in horses are most important for hemolytic reactions? do horses have these antibodies naturally?

A

Aa and Qa
no
have Ca naturally but only weak agglutination and hemolytic cross-match

30
Q

what can a direct Coombs test determine in autoimmune hemolytic anemia?

A

whether or not the cause is antibodies attached to the surface of red blood cells

31
Q

what can an indirect Coombs test determine? Is it used to diagnose autoimmune mediated hemolytic anemia?

A

looks for free-flowing antibodies against red blood cells
can determine whether patient may have reaction to a blood transfusion
no

32
Q

what are the autoantibodies directed against in myasthenia gravis?

A

alpha chain of muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

33
Q

what is acantholysis and where is it seen?

A

separation of keratinocytes from each other
pemphigus: skin disease

34
Q

what is pemphigus foliaceus caused by?

A

autoantibody response against desmoglein-1: responsible for cell-to-cell adhesion of superficial keratinocyte layers

35
Q

what are type III hypersenstivity reactions caused by?

A

deposition of soluble antigen-antibody complexes

36
Q

what is the prototype of multiorgan or systemic immune complex type III hypersensitivity?

A

serum sickness and systemic lupus erythematosus

37
Q

what was serum sickness historically observed in?

A

diphtheria patients treated with horse anti-diphtheria toxin serum

38
Q

in systemic lupus erythematosus, what are autoantibodies produced against?

A

nucleic acid
nucleoproteins
histones

39
Q

what are the histologic appearances of the aggregates of immune complexes in systemic lupus erythematosus?

A

lumpy-bumpy deposits

40
Q

what does laboratory diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus focus on?

A

antinuclear antibodies

41
Q

what leads to release of lytic enzymes in type III hypersensitivity?

A

failure of neutrophils to ingest adhering immune complexes

42
Q

what is pneumonitis in cattle?

A

localized type III hypersensitivity reaction: neutrophil accumulation and inflammation due to inhaling thermophilic actinomycetes

Immunology (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions