Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Immunology > Exam 2- Immunologic Tolerance and Autoimmunity > Flashcards

Exam 2- Immunologic Tolerance and Autoimmunity Flashcards

1
Q

what is central T cell tolerance?

A

T cells that do not recognize self antigens or recognize self antigens with high affinity are deleted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what prevents T cells from reacting with peripheral self-antigens?

A

peripheral T cell tolerance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what leads to anergy of a T cell?

A

T cell recognizes antigens without adequate levels of costimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the two mechanisms for deletion of T cells?

A

antigen recognition without costimulation
activation-induced cell death: Fas and Fas ligand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are CTLA-4 and PD-1?

A

inhibitory receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

true/false: binding of CTLA-4 on activated autoimmune T cells with B7 on APCs always leads to deletion of the T cells

A

false: inactivation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

true/false: if a cells expressing Fas binds with a cell expressing FalL, the cell expressing Fas dies by apoptosis

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what cytokines do T regulatory cells produce?

A

immunosuppressive cytokines TGF-beta and IL-10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

are T regulatory cells CD4+ or CD8+?

A

CD4+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is central B cell tolerance?

A

B cells that recognize self antigens with high affinity are deleted or they change their receptor specificity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what does indolamine 2,3-dioxygnease (IDO) play a role in?

A

tolerance of an allogeneic fetus
inhibits alloreactive T cell proliferation through catabolizing tryptophan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is bystander activation?

A

infection of tissue may induce local innate immune response to the infection: more costimulators (B7) and cytokines by the tissue APCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is molecular mimicry?

A

when a microorganism shares an epitope with a self antigen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

polyclonal lymphocyte activators: what does exposure to B cell mitogens such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide lead to?

A

activation large number of B cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are immunologically privileged sites?

A

central nervous system, eyes, testes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what genes are most commonly associated with autoimmunity?

A

MHC genes

17
Q

does Th17 play a larger role than Th1 in autoimmunity ever?

A

yes, not always

18
Q

true/false: infection by a virus which expresses one or more antigens that share antigenic identity with the self-antigens can lead to an autoimmune disease

A

true

19
Q

true/false: both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are examples of autoimmune diseases

A

true, but hyperthyroidism more rare to be autoimmune

20
Q

true/false: serum antibodies against thyroid peroxidase enzyme can be detected in hyperthyroidism cases

A

true

21
Q

true/false: Th1 cells are always the most important adaptive immunity cell type in inducing inflammatory autoimmune disorders

A

false

22
Q

what antibodies are involved in epidemolysis bullosa acquisita?

A

IgA and IgG autoantibodies against anchoring fibrils of lower basement membrane: type VII collagen

23
Q

how are autoimmune diseases treated?

A

drugs, plasmapheresis, monoclonal antibody treatment

24
Q

what are the mechanisms of peripheral T cell tolerance?

A

anergy, deletion, or suppression of autoreactive T cells

25
Q

what are the costimulating agents for T cells?

A

B7 and CD28

26
Q

repeated activation leads to expression of ____________________________ on the surface of T cells

A

Fas (CD95) and Fas ligand (FasL)

27
Q

why is Fas called a death receptor?

A

the cell which expresses Fas and has a FasL bind to it will undergo apoptosis

28
Q

true/false: persistent high antigenic load in chronic viral infections or cancers lead to T cells upregulating inhibitory receptors

A

true

29
Q

do natural Treg cells survive negative selection in the thymus? are they autoreactive?

A

yes
yes

30
Q

what cytokines do Treg cells produce after they become activated and differentiate?

A

immunosuppressive cytokines TGF-beta and IL-10

31
Q

what do the cytokines that Treg cells produce suppress?

A

lymphocyte and antigen presenting cell activity

32
Q

what is the mechanism of human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G)?

A

binds to inhibitory receptors on NK cells to prevent killing of target cells in fetus: do not express MHC molecules

33
Q

what does complement receptor 1-related protein y (Crry) do?

A

protects placental tissues from complement-mediated damage (classical pathway)

34
Q

what antigens does Trypanosoma cruzi share with mammals?

A

mammalian neurons and cardiac muscle

35
Q

what leads to systemic lupus erythematosus?

A

deficiency of C3, a non-MHC molecule

36
Q

what is the most common cause of blindness in horses?

A

equine recurrent uveitis

37
Q

what breed of dog has epidermolysis bullosa acquisita been identified in?

A

great dane

Immunology (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions