Exam 2- Immunodeficiency Flashcards
the doctor is right/wrong: a dog has come to a clinic with a history of recurrent pneumonia with an extracellular bacterial pathogen. the attending doctor thinks that there could be a defect with the antibody production, and suspects antibody levels to be low
yes, the doctor could be right
a 4 year old horse with recurrent infections has serum IgA, IgG and IgM levels of 0.1, 2.2, and 0.5 mg/ml, respectively. normal serum levels are 2, 20, and 3 mg/ml, respectively. the animal most likely has:
common variable immunodeficiency
where do primary or congenital immunodeficiencies stem from?
genetic or developmental defects
what is primary agammaglobulinemia characterized by?
absence mature B cells and all immunoglobulin isotypes including IgM
what is transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy?
temporary delay in onset of endogenous antibody synthesis
when is common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) usually diagnosed?
in adults
what animals is IgA deficiency most common in?
german shepherd dogs
what animals is IgG or IgG subclass deficiency most common in?
foal
red Danish cattle: low IgG2 may not lead to increased susceptibility to infections
Holstein heifer
dogs
what has IgM deficiency been reported in?
foals
what two groups of enzymes are critical to the success of V(D)J rearrangements in T and B cells?
recombinase-activating genes 1 and 2
deoxyribonucleic acid- dependent kinase
what mechanism of SCID is common in jack russell terriers?
absence of deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit
what does X-linked SCID result from?
inability of IL-7 to function
is canine cyclic neutopenia innate or adaptive immunity?
innate immunity
X-linked SCID is due to the:
absence of common gamma chain of IL-2 receptor
what is an example of a secondary immunodeficiency?
canine distemper virus
what are some retroviral-induced immunodeficiency examples?
simian immunodeficiency virus/human immunodeficiency virus
feline immunodeficiency virus
what does deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) do?
rejoins the cut DNA after RAG-1 and RAG-2 to produce genes for TCR and BCR
what is the disease from X-linked SCID due to a mutation in the common IL-2Rgamma chain due to?
inability of IL-7 to function
what levels of circulating antibody isotypes do X-linked SCID afflicted dogs have?
normal IgM
very low or no IgG or IgA
what accounts for the deficiency of NK cells in X-linked SCID?
the receptor for IL-15 also used IL-2R-gamma
when IL-15 cannot function, it does not stimulate NK cell proliferation
what does leukocyte adhesion deficiency result from?
mutation in gene coding for CD18 or beta chain
what does canine distemper virus do?
causes severe persisting immunosuppression with lymphoid depletion
induces lymphopenia without significant decrease in neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes
T cells more affected than B cells, CD4+ more affected than CD8+
you have a cat present with wasting, neurological manifestations, chronic stomatitis, and gingivitis. what is your first differential diagnosis? what does this do?
feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)
progressively depletes CD4+ T lymphocytes
