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PSY 4210 > Exam 2 Textbook > Flashcards

Exam 2 Textbook Flashcards

1
Q

3 Common Themes of Neo-Freudian Thought

A

1) sex is a general motivation instead of being as important as Freud thought it was
2) less emphasis on unconscious mental processes and more on conscious thought
3) focuses on interpersonal relationships rather than instinctual drives and mental life as the source of psychological difficulties (knowing the daily lives of patients)

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2
Q

ego psychology

A

focus on perception, memory, learning, and rational, conscious thinking

part of 2 common themes

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3
Q

focus on perception, memory, learning, and rational, conscious thinking

A

ego psychology

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4
Q

social interest

A

Adler
the desire to relate positively and productively with other people

he thought this was equal or greater in importance to sex as a motivator

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5
Q

the desire to relate positively and productively with other people

A

social interest
Adler

he thought this was equal or greater in importance to sex as a motivator

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6
Q

organ inferiority

A

individuals are motivated to attain equality with or superiority over other people to compensate for whatever, in childhood, they felt was their weakest aspect.

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7
Q

individuals are motivated to attain equality with or superiority over other people to compensate for whatever, in childhood, they felt was their weakest aspect.

A

organ inferiority

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8
Q

masculine protest

A

the idea that a particular urge in adulthood is an attempt to compensate for one’s powerlessness felt in childhood

e.g. boy feels unmasculine so when he grows up he buys a truck and revs the engine

author says this is a compensation in response to feelings of inferiority

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9
Q

the idea that a particular urge in adulthood is an attempt to compensate for one’s powerlessness felt in childhood

A

masculine protest

e.g. boy feels unmasculine so when he grows up he buys a truck and revs the engine

author says this is a compensation in response to feelings of inferiority

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10
Q

what is Adler’s larger point?

A

everyone felt inferior as a child and the quest to overcome these feelings continues to influence behavior as an adult

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11
Q

collective unconscious

A

Jung

all people share certain unconscious ideas because of the history of the human species

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12
Q

Jung

all people share certain unconscious ideas because of the history of the human species

A

collective unconscious

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13
Q

archetypes

A

Jung
the fundamental images of people that are contained in the collective unconscious

includes “the earth mother,” “the hero,” “the devil,” and “the supreme being”

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14
Q

the fundamental images of people that are contained in the collective unconscious

A

archetypes

Jung

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15
Q

persona

A

Jung
the social mask one wears in public

keeps some aspect of yourself private

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16
Q

the social mask one wears in public

A

persona

Jung

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17
Q

What does Jung say is the danger in personas?

A

one might come to identify more with the persona than with the real self

might want to express an idealized version of oneself rather than show ones true self

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18
Q

anima

A

Jung
the idea of the female as held in the mind of a male

man’s anima is the root of his “feminine side”

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19
Q

the idea of the female as held in the mind of a male

A

anima
Jung

man’s anima is the root of his “feminine side”

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20
Q

animus

A

Jung
the idealized image of the male as held in the mind of a female

woman’s animus is the root of her “masculine side”

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21
Q

the idealized image of the male as held in the mind of a female

A

animus
Jung

woman’s animus is the root of her “masculine side”

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22
Q

What is the issue Jung presents with the anima/animus thoughts?

A

the idealized woman or mani n one’s mind matches poorly with the real women or men in one’s life

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23
Q

What are the four basic ways of thinking according to Jung?

A

rational thinking: recognize the meaning

sensing: establishes what is actually present
feeling: the items value
intuition: points to possibilities as to where it came from and where its going given a situation

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24
Q

In what way did Horney vary from Freud?

A

she doesn’t think women have “penis envy”

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25
Q

neurotic needs

A

Horney
adult behavior is often based on efforts to overcome the basic anxiety acquired in childhood: the fear of being alone and helpless in a hostile world

needs that people feel but that are neither realistic nor truly desirable

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26
Q

adult behavior is often based on efforts to overcome the basic anxiety acquired in childhood: the fear of being alone and helpless in a hostile world

needs that people feel but that are neither realistic nor truly desirable

A

neurotic needs

Horney

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27
Q

psychosocial

A

Erikson

conflicts experienced at each stage and their possible outcomes

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28
Q

conflicts experienced at each stage and their possible outcomes

A

psychosocial

Erikson

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29
Q

Erikson Stage 1

A

basic trust vs mistrust

corresponds with Freud’s oral stage

kid learns whether needs and wants will be met, ignored, or overindulged

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30
Q

kid learns whether needs and wants will be met, ignored, or overindulged

A

basic trust vs mistrust

Erikson Stage 1

31
Q

Erikson Stage 2

A

autonomy vs shame and doubt

Freud stage anal

learning who is in charge and that you don’t get everything you want all the time

32
Q

learning who is in charge and that you don’t get everything you want all the time

A

autonomy vs shame and doubt

Erikson Stage 2

33
Q

Erikson Stage 3

A

initiative vs guilt

Freud stage phallic

child begins to anticipate and fantasize about life as an adult (includes plans, and sex)

adult morality: moral rules are applied with flexibility and wisdom

34
Q

child begins to anticipate and fantasize about life as an adult

A

initiative vs guilt

Erikson Stage 3

35
Q

Erikson Stage 4

A

industry vs inferiority

Freud stage latency

the child must begin to control his exuberant imagination and unfocused energy and get on with tasks of developing competence, workmanship, and a way of organizing life tasks

36
Q

the child must begin to control his exuberant imagination and unfocused energy and get on with tasks of developing competence, workmanship, and a way of organizing life tasks

A

industry vs inferiority

Erikson Stage 4

37
Q

Erikson Stage 5

A

identity vs identity confusion

Freud genital

the adolescent strives to figure out who they are and what is and is not important

38
Q

the adolescent strives to figure out who they are and what is and is not important

A

identify vs identity confusion

Erikson Stage 5

39
Q

Erikson Stage 6

A

intimacy vs isolation

find an intimate life partner to share important experiences and further development, rather than becoming lonely

40
Q

find an intimate life partner to share important experiences and further development, rather than becoming lonely

A

intimacy vs isolation

Erikson Stage 6

41
Q

Erikson Stage 7

A

generativity vs stagnation

middle age, stay passive comfort or begin to turn concerns to the next generation

42
Q

middle age, stay passive comfort or begin to turn concerns to the next generation

A

generativity vs stagnation

Erikson Stage 7

43
Q

Erikson Stage 8

A

integrity versus despair

regret earlier mistakes or feel they have developed wisdom/have something to give to future generations

44
Q

regret earlier mistakes or feel they have developed wisdom/have something to give to future generations

A

integrity vs despair

Erikson Stage 8

45
Q

object relations theory

A

the analysis of interpersonal relationships

46
Q

the analysis of interpersonal relationships

A

object relations theory

47
Q

What is the key insight of the object relations approach?

A

we can only relate to other people via the images of them we hold in our minds, and these images do not always match reality

48
Q

What are the four principal themes in forms of object relations theory?

A

1) every relationship has elements of satisfaction and frustration (pleasure/pain)
2) the mix of love and hate
3) the distinction between the parts of the love object and the whole person (e.g. the mother is the breast)
4) The psyche of the baby is aware of and disturbed by these contradictory feelings

49
Q

Klein’s child therapy

A

provides toys for the kids and observed how they “play pretend” about things such as their parents. How they split or put them together and whatnot

50
Q

transitional object

A

an item (niffle) the child uses to bridge the gap between private fantasy and reality

comforts the child when the parent isn’t there

Winnicott came up with it

51
Q

an item (niffle) the child uses to bridge the gap between private fantasy and reality

A

transitional object

Winnicott came up with it

52
Q

What are the two ways transitional objects are transitional?

A

1) they help the child make the change from the time when adults are constantly caring for them, to the time when they must face the world alone
2) They exist in an interesting transitional state between fantasy and reality

53
Q

false self

A

put on a personality to please other people

winnicott

54
Q

put on a personality to please other people

A

false self

winnicott

55
Q

any research is at least a little psychoanalytic…

A

1) an examination of independent mental processes that occur simultaneously in the same mind and can conflict with one another
2) Unconscious mental processes
3) Compromises among mental processes negotiated outside of consciousness
4) Self-defensive thought and self-deception
5) The influence of the past on current functioning, especially childhood patterns that endure into adulthood
6) Sexual or aggressive wishes as they influence thought, feeling, and behavior

56
Q

McGinnies study on emotional reactions and time of recognition of “critical” words results

A

people claimed they couldn’t read the critical words even though they had physiological symptoms to these words. They also had to look longer at the words before they recognized them.

Authors took this to mean there is an unconscious part of the mind that could read the words, even while the conscious part could not.

57
Q

parallel distributed processing (PDP)

A

the mind does many different things at once and only a small fraction of its activity becomes conscious

58
Q

shortcoming of behaviorism

A

it ignores thinking, motivation, and emotion

largely based on research using animals

ignores the social dimension of learning (most of the subjects were alone in a box)

it reads the animal or person as essentially passive (experimenter put the animal in the box)

59
Q

self-efficacy

A

gives a central role to the expectation that one can accomplish something successfully

60
Q

gives a central role to the expectation that one can accomplish something successfully

A

self-efficacy

61
Q

self-concept

A

a persons’ knowledge and opinions about oneself

self-efficacy affects this

62
Q

a persons’ knowledge and opinions about oneself

A

self-concept

63
Q

What did Bandura emphasize was the goal of psychotherapy?

A

to improve self-efficacy. If you achieve a better match between what you think you can accomplish and what you really can accomplish, your life will be more rational and productive

change the belief, and behavioral change will follow

64
Q

observational learning

A

learning a behavior by watching someone else

demonstrated this with Bobo dolls

65
Q

learning a behavior by watching someone else

A

observational learning

66
Q

attachment theory

A

a theoretical perspective that draws on psychoanalytic thought to describe the development and importance of human attachments to emotionally significant other people

67
Q

a theoretical perspective that draws on psychoanalytic thought to describe the development and importance of human attachments to emotionally significant other people

A

attachment theory

68
Q

Why is love important according to Bowlby?

A

Because love comes from a survival perspective. When we are somewhere new, cold, dark, and if we’re sick, weak, or tired, we want someone to be there to help us. Especially someone who loves us and who we love.

69
Q

Two lessons children learn according to Bowlby:

A

1) learn if the people they attach too will be reliable

2)

70
Q

Who did a study in response to the first lesson?

A

Mary Ainsworth

Seeing how attached kids were when parents left the room with strangers or stayed in the room with strangers.

anxious-ambivalent: kid really freaks out when parent leaves (comes from inconsistent parents being there)

avoidant: kids ignore the mom when she comes back (comes from mom not giving attention)
secure: actively explore their environment and are happy to see mom return (most healthy)

71
Q

adults: avoidant

A

relatively uninterested in romantic relationships

describes parents as rejecting and cold with no examples

ignore stress or pretend it doesn’t exist

don’t share personal information

72
Q

adults: insecurely attached

A

more likely to be engaged in drugs

high self esteem

good romantic relationships

73
Q

adults: secure

A

can deal directly with reality

PSY 4210 (22 decks)

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