Exam 1 Textbook Flashcards
Personality traits are not the only factors that control an individual’s behavior; _________ matter as well
situations
people are inconsistent
Do traits exist?
possibly no, people continually chat who they are according to the situation
What factor influences the idea that traits depend on environment?
age
18-22 accept traits change
adults don’t
As people get older, what becomes more stable?
personality with maturity and general mental health
person-situation debate
focuses on what is more important for determining what people do: the person or the situation?
What amount of correlation do situationists think is small but pro-personalities think is significant?
.40
What was the pro-personalities three responses to the situationists?
1) Unfair literature review
2) We can do better: the .40 upper limit is a result of poor research methodology
3) A correlation of .40 is not small
Having a correlation of .40 means what percentage of accurate behavior predictions?
70%
absolute versus relative consistency
essentially it’s hard to know if it’s the personality or the situation that matters in behavior. Both I guess. 133
interactionism
persons and situations as constantly interacting to produce behavior together
persons and situations as constantly interacting to produce behavior together
interactionism
What are the three major interactions of interactionism?
1) the effect of a personality variable may depend on the situation or vice versa
2) situations are not randomly populated: certain types of people go to or find themselves in different types of situations
3) people change situations because of what they do in them.
high self-monitors
people being different between their inner and outer selves and how they perform in different settings
adaptive, flexible, popular, sensitive, fit in
people being different between their inner and outer selves and how they perform in different settings
high self-monitors
low self-monitors
being the same outside as they are inside and do not vary much from one setting to another
self-directed, integrity, consistent and honest
being the same outside as they are inside and do not vary much from one setting to another
low self-monitors
narcissism
personality trait that is associated with high self-regard and a pattern of extraverts and confident behavior that can make an excellent first impression but become annoying in the long run
personality trait that is associated with high self-regard and a pattern of extraverts and confident behavior that can make an excellent first impression but become annoying in the long run
narcissism
many-trait approach
the research strategy that focuses on a particular behavior and investigates its correlates with as many different personality traits as possible in order to explain the basis of the behavior and to illuminate the workings of personality
the research strategy that focuses on a particular behavior and investigates its correlates with as many different personality traits as possible in order to explain the basis of the behavior and to illuminate the workings of personality
many-trait approach
single-trait approach
the research strategy of focusing on one particular trait of interest and learning as much as possible about its behavioral correlates, developmental antecedents, and life consequences
the research strategy of focusing on one particular trait of interest and learning as much as possible about its behavioral correlates, developmental antecedents, and life consequences
single-trait approach
the big 5
openness to experience conscientiousness extraversion agreeableness neuroticism
cumulative continuity principle
the idea that personality becomes more stable and unchanging as person gets older
.31 childhood
.54 college
.74 50-70
