Exam 2 (terms) Flashcards
What year did Origin of Species get published?
1859
The amount of years behind a child’s mental age they had to be to be considered retarded
2-year rule
Tendency to attribute human characteristics to nonhuman entities; associated with Romanes and the origins of comparative psychology
Anthropomorphism
Group intelligence test developed by Yerkes for testing the abilities of English literate soldiers in WWI
Army Alpha
Group intelligence test developed by Yerkes for testing the abilities of English illiterate soldiers in WWI
Army Beta
Theory in geology that geological change occurred infrequently and as a consequence of such events as the Biblical Flood.
Catastrophism
Theory in geology, championed by Lyell, that geological change occurred gradually, over a long period of time and as a consequence of such regular phenomena as erosion
Uniformitarianism
The horse that everyone thought could do math, but in reality he was just really good at reading a crowd.
Clever Hans
A term created by Galton, referring to a variety of methods for enhancing the quality of a species, especially humans.
Eugenics
School of psychology favored by most early American psychologists; focused on the study of human conscious experience from an evolutionary perspective, concerned with studying adaptive value of various mental and behavioral processes
Functionalism
The unit for general intelligence
G
A book published by Galton in 1869, that sought to prove that intelligence is innate.
Hereditary Genius
Method of experiencing some phenomenon, then giving description of the conscious experience of that phenomenon
Introspection
Term invented by Stern and used by Terman in the Stanford Binet tests.: Equaled mental age divided by chronological age, the result multiplied by 100
Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
Theory that held that strong emotions were in essence the physiological reaction that follower the perception of some emotion-elicitng event.
James-Lange Theory
Thorndike’s principle that behaviors that were effective in problem solving would be strengthened, while behaviors that were not effective would be weakened
Law of Effect
Thorndike’s principle that learned connections between stimuli and responses were strengthened with additional exercise
Law of Exercise
descriptions for animal behavior should be no less complex than observational evidence allows
Lloyd Morgan’s Canon
Any test designed to measure mental activity or ability; term introduced by Catell 1890
Mental test
popular learning procedure in which pairs of stimuli are presented; after time a study time. stimuli are presented and the associated response must be given; invented by Calkins
Paired-associated Learning
The belief that evolutionary forces were natural and inevitable and that any attempt to disrupt them was misguided and doomed to failure; associated with Spencer.
Social Darwinism
School of psychology, associated with Titchener that focused on identifying the structural elements of human conscious experience, primarily through basic laboratory and introspective methods
Structuralism
The book written by John Dewey that details how the reflex reaction will not be the same every time
The Reflex Arc Concept in Psychology
The effect of learning in one situation on learning in a second situation; could be positive or negative; pioneer studies by Woodworth and Thorndike
transfer (of training)
Thorndike’s explanation fort he behavior of his cats in puzzle boxes- they escaped by trying various behaviors until hitting on one that worked; also used by Morgan to provide a parsimonious explanation for the behavior of dogs escaping yards.
Trial-and-error-learning
The idea that men had a greater degree of variability in most traits, compared to women, and were therefore at a selective advantage in evolutionary terms.
Variability Hypothesis
A book written by Hall that concerned itself with sexual behavior and the psychology of sex
Adolesence
Founded in 1892, it is THE group for psychology in america, founded by G. Stanley Hall in 1892
APA
Made by Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon it was the first IQ test, designed to place children in certain grades.
Binet-Simon Scale
The first and only time Freud came to America. He was accompanied by Carl Jung. He gave five lectures that were published to the American Journal of Psychology
The Clark Conference
Written by G. Stanley Hall, where he published the results from questionnaires from Parents and teachers about children.
Contents of Children’s Minds upon Entering School
the scientific measurement of skulls, especially in relation to craniology.
Craniometry
William James publishes the Principles of psychology
1890
Central idea in Darwin’s theory of evolution; held that in the struggle or existence, those organisms with adaptive variations would be most likely to survive and reproduce
Natural Selection
the substantial and long-sustained increase in both fluid and crystallized intelligence test scores measured in many parts of the world from roughly 1930 to the present day.
The Flynn Effect
Someone who was severely handicapped and not capable of caring for themselves
idiot
Some partially capable of caring for themselves but still not independent
imbecile
Children capable of learning but not in normal classes
Moron
a learning process in which behavior is modified by the reinforcing or inhibiting effects of the resulting consequences.
Instrumental conditioning
goddards annectdotal evidence that bad traits would be passed on so a family who was poor, delinquent, or other wise feeble minded would make feebleminded children. Backed up the policy of forced sterilization
The Kallikaks
This book by munstenberg proved that psychology can be used in law enforcement. It also called eyewitness testimonies into question
On the Witness Stand
Writted by William James, the so-called aphrodisiac of psychology. written in 1890
Principles of Psychology
A book by Munsterberg showed how psychology could be applied to the work place, and making workers work more efficiently.
Psychology of Industrial Efficiency
The test resulting from Terman revising and adding too Binet’s work. It is still used today to test IQ
The Stanford-Binet Test
an error in introspective observation of divining the object from which the stimulus comes instead of reporting the impression actually received.
Stimulus error
The people in Terman’s longitudinal study on gifted children.
Termites
The group that Titchner made for experimental psychologists
The Experimentalists
