Exam 2 (terms)

Question 1

What year did Origin of Species get published?

Answer 1

1859

Question 2

The amount of years behind a child’s mental age they had to be to be considered retarded

Answer 2

2-year rule

Question 3

Tendency to attribute human characteristics to nonhuman entities; associated with Romanes and the origins of comparative psychology

Answer 3

Anthropomorphism

Question 4

Group intelligence test developed by Yerkes for testing the abilities of English literate soldiers in WWI

Answer 4

Army Alpha

Question 5

Group intelligence test developed by Yerkes for testing the abilities of English illiterate soldiers in WWI

Answer 5

Army Beta

Question 6

Theory in geology that geological change occurred infrequently and as a consequence of such events as the Biblical Flood.

Answer 6

Catastrophism

Question 7

Theory in geology, championed by Lyell, that geological change occurred gradually, over a long period of time and as a consequence of such regular phenomena as erosion

Answer 7

Uniformitarianism

Question 8

The horse that everyone thought could do math, but in reality he was just really good at reading a crowd.

Answer 8

Clever Hans

Question 9

A term created by Galton, referring to a variety of methods for enhancing the quality of a species, especially humans.

Answer 9

Eugenics

Question 10

School of psychology favored by most early American psychologists; focused on the study of human conscious experience from an evolutionary perspective, concerned with studying adaptive value of various mental and behavioral processes

Answer 10

Functionalism

Question 11

The unit for general intelligence

Answer 11

G

Question 12

A book published by Galton in 1869, that sought to prove that intelligence is innate.

Answer 12

Hereditary Genius

Question 13

Method of experiencing some phenomenon, then giving description of the conscious experience of that phenomenon

Answer 13

Introspection

Question 14

Term invented by Stern and used by Terman in the Stanford Binet tests.: Equaled mental age divided by chronological age, the result multiplied by 100

Answer 14

Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

Question 15

Theory that held that strong emotions were in essence the physiological reaction that follower the perception of some emotion-elicitng event.

Answer 15

James-Lange Theory

Question 16

Thorndike’s principle that behaviors that were effective in problem solving would be strengthened, while behaviors that were not effective would be weakened

Answer 16

Law of Effect

Question 17

Thorndike’s principle that learned connections between stimuli and responses were strengthened with additional exercise

Answer 17

Law of Exercise

Question 18

descriptions for animal behavior should be no less complex than observational evidence allows

Answer 18

Lloyd Morgan’s Canon

Question 19

Any test designed to measure mental activity or ability; term introduced by Catell 1890

Answer 19

Mental test

Question 20

popular learning procedure in which pairs of stimuli are presented; after time a study time. stimuli are presented and the associated response must be given; invented by Calkins

Answer 20

Paired-associated Learning

Question 21

The belief that evolutionary forces were natural and inevitable and that any attempt to disrupt them was misguided and doomed to failure; associated with Spencer.

Answer 21

Social Darwinism

Question 22

School of psychology, associated with Titchener that focused on identifying the structural elements of human conscious experience, primarily through basic laboratory and introspective methods

Answer 22

Structuralism

Question 23

The book written by John Dewey that details how the reflex reaction will not be the same every time

Answer 23

The Reflex Arc Concept in Psychology

Question 24

The effect of learning in one situation on learning in a second situation; could be positive or negative; pioneer studies by Woodworth and Thorndike

Answer 24

transfer (of training)

Question 25

Thorndike’s explanation fort he behavior of his cats in puzzle boxes- they escaped by trying various behaviors until hitting on one that worked; also used by Morgan to provide a parsimonious explanation for the behavior of dogs escaping yards.

Answer 25

Trial-and-error-learning

Question 26

The idea that men had a greater degree of variability in most traits, compared to women, and were therefore at a selective advantage in evolutionary terms.

Answer 26

Variability Hypothesis

Question 27

A book written by Hall that concerned itself with sexual behavior and the psychology of sex

Answer 27

Adolesence

Question 28

Founded in 1892, it is THE group for psychology in america, founded by G. Stanley Hall in 1892

Answer 28

APA

Question 29

Made by Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon it was the first IQ test, designed to place children in certain grades.

Answer 29

Binet-Simon Scale

Question 30

The first and only time Freud came to America. He was accompanied by Carl Jung. He gave five lectures that were published to the American Journal of Psychology

Answer 30

The Clark Conference

Question 31

Written by G. Stanley Hall, where he published the results from questionnaires from Parents and teachers about children.

Answer 31

Contents of Children’s Minds upon Entering School

Question 32

the scientific measurement of skulls, especially in relation to craniology.

Answer 32

Craniometry

Question 33

William James publishes the Principles of psychology

Answer 33

1890

Question 34

Central idea in Darwin’s theory of evolution; held that in the struggle or existence, those organisms with adaptive variations would be most likely to survive and reproduce

Answer 34

Natural Selection

Question 35

the substantial and long-sustained increase in both fluid and crystallized intelligence test scores measured in many parts of the world from roughly 1930 to the present day.

Answer 35

The Flynn Effect

Question 36

Someone who was severely handicapped and not capable of caring for themselves

Answer 36

idiot

Question 37

Some partially capable of caring for themselves but still not independent

Answer 37

imbecile

Question 38

Children capable of learning but not in normal classes

Answer 38

Moron

Question 39

a learning process in which behavior is modified by the reinforcing or inhibiting effects of the resulting consequences.

Answer 39

Instrumental conditioning

Question 40

goddards annectdotal evidence that bad traits would be passed on so a family who was poor, delinquent, or other wise feeble minded would make feebleminded children. Backed up the policy of forced sterilization

Answer 40

The Kallikaks

Question 41

This book by munstenberg proved that psychology can be used in law enforcement. It also called eyewitness testimonies into question

Answer 41

On the Witness Stand

Question 42

Writted by William James, the so-called aphrodisiac of psychology. written in 1890

Answer 42

Principles of Psychology

Question 43

A book by Munsterberg showed how psychology could be applied to the work place, and making workers work more efficiently.

Answer 43

Psychology of Industrial Efficiency

Question 44

The test resulting from Terman revising and adding too Binet’s work. It is still used today to test IQ

Answer 44

The Stanford-Binet Test

Question 45

an error in introspective observation of divining the object from which the stimulus comes instead of reporting the impression actually received.

Answer 45

Stimulus error

Question 46

The people in Terman’s longitudinal study on gifted children.

Answer 46

Termites

Question 47

The group that Titchner made for experimental psychologists

Answer 47

The Experimentalists