Chapter 5

Question 1

The question of how does the world have so much plant and animal diversity if Noah’s ark really happened. How did they all fit on the ark?

Answer 1

Species Problem

Question 2

Took the complexity of life to prove the existence of god, because only he could make something so complicated and perfect

Answer 2

Argument from design

Question 3

A pre-Darwinian idea that all the species on earth could be arranged on a linear scale with reference to their complexity.

Answer 3

Chain of Being

Question 4

the theory that changes in the earth’s crust during geological history have resulted chiefly from sudden violent and unusual events.

Answer 4

Catastrophism

Question 5

the theory that changes in the earth’s crust during geological history have resulted from the action of continuous and uniform processes. proposed by Charles Lyell

Answer 5

Unformitarianism

Question 6

the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring. The theory of its action was first fully expounded by Charles Darwin and is now believed to be the main process that brings about evolution.

Answer 6

Natural Selection

Question 7

natural selection arising through preference by one sex for certain characteristics in individuals of the other sex.a darwinian theory

Answer 7

Sexual Selection

Question 8

Studying how human behaviors and mental processes serve to adapt the individual to and ever-changing environment

Answer 8

Functionalism

Question 9

The study of similarities and difference among all species

Answer 9

Comparative Psychology

Question 10

Individual variation on traits.

Answer 10

Individual difference

Question 11

Useful habits reinforced previously or served some kind of adaptive advantage, and then inherited by offspring Darwin’s first theory for the evolutionary purpose of emotion.

Answer 11

Serviceable associated habits

Question 12

Darwin’s second theory about the evolution based on the that emotions that are just the opposite of each other are expressed in bodily reactions that are similarly opposed.

Answer 12

Antithesis

Question 13

Darwin’s third principle on the evolution of emotion. Emotional expressions are side effects of the physiological arousal that accompanies strongly felt emotions

Answer 13

direct action of the nervous system

Question 14

evidence collected in a casual or informal manner and relying heavily or entirely on personal testimony.

Answer 14

Anecdotal Evidence

Question 15

The attribution of human faculties to nonhuman entities

Answer 15

Anthropormorphism

Question 16

In no case is an animal activity to be interpreted in terms of higher psychological processes if it can be fairly interpreted in terms of processes which stand lower in the scale of psychological evolution and development.

Answer 16

Lloyd Morgan’s canon

Question 17

Galton’s second methodological innovation were he sent questionnaires to twins to see how they were similar and different. The results of his study taught him a lot about nature and nurture

Answer 17

Twin Studies

Question 18

A tool to examine associations systematically, created by Galton

Answer 18

Word Association Test

Question 19

A field of psychological study that focuses on explaining human behavior through an evolutionary lens

Answer 19

evolutionary psychology