Chapter 2 Flashcards
geocentric
Earth is the center of the universe
Heliocentric
the sun is in the center of the universe.
Rationalist
The belief that truth can emerge from the careful use of reason
Innate Ideas
the mind is born with ideas/knowledge, and that therefore the mind is not a “blank slate” at birth, as early empiricists such as John Locke claimed. It asserts that not all knowledge is gained from experience and the senses.
Derived ideas
Ideas that come from experiences.
Nativist
that certain ideas or capacities are innate and form the basis for moral judgment, the acquiring of knowledge and language,
Dualist
The idea that the mind and body are two separate things that interact with each other
Cartesian Dichotomy
What separates humans from animals. Animals are simple machines incapable of reason or language.
Mechanist
One who believes the body is just a machine
Interactionist
A person who believes the mind could have a direct influence on the body and vice versa
Animal Spirits
Descartes thought that this was derived from the heat of the blood and were the driving forces behind movement.
Pineal Gland
Descartes thought this part of the brain was where the mind and body met to interact.
Epistemology
The study of human knowledge and it’s acquisition
Simple Ideas
Ideas that result from experiencing basic sensory qualities
Complex ideas
A compounds of thought that can be boiled down to simple ideas
Primary qualities
Said to exist as an inherent property of an object.
Secondary qualities
Attributes that are not inherent to objects but depend on perception
Materialism
Believing that there’s only one physical reality, so everything is measurable, everything is observable
Determinism
The belief that all events have prior causes.
Impressions
Basic sensations. the raw data of experience (Associationism)
Ideas
Faint copies of impressions. associationism
Innate ideas
Descartes believed that god, self, and infinity are these
Derived ideas
Descartes believed these ideas come from experiences
Empiricism
The idea that our knowledge of the world is constructed from our experiences in it.
Resemblance
One of the three laws of associationim: When an object reminds us of another.
Contiguity
On the three laws of associationism: when you experience things together so that memory of one thing triggers a memory of another.
Cause and effect
One of three laws of associationism: If one event follows another with some regularity, we will develop an association between the two.
parallelism
David Hartley’s idea that psychological and physiological event happened separately but at the same time
Spatial (sychronous) contiguity
Hartley associationism: Occurrence of two or more objects, events, or mental impressions together in space
temporal (successive) contiguity
Hartley associationism: Occurrence of two or more objects, events, or mental impressions together in time
