Chapter 2

Question 1

geocentric

Answer 1

Earth is the center of the universe

Question 2

Heliocentric

Answer 2

the sun is in the center of the universe.

Question 3

Rationalist

Answer 3

The belief that truth can emerge from the careful use of reason

Question 4

Innate Ideas

Answer 4

the mind is born with ideas/knowledge, and that therefore the mind is not a “blank slate” at birth, as early empiricists such as John Locke claimed. It asserts that not all knowledge is gained from experience and the senses.

Question 5

Derived ideas

Answer 5

Ideas that come from experiences.

Question 6

Nativist

Answer 6

that certain ideas or capacities are innate and form the basis for moral judgment, the acquiring of knowledge and language,

Question 7

Dualist

Answer 7

The idea that the mind and body are two separate things that interact with each other

Question 8

Cartesian Dichotomy

Answer 8

What separates humans from animals. Animals are simple machines incapable of reason or language.

Question 9

Mechanist

Answer 9

One who believes the body is just a machine

Question 10

Interactionist

Answer 10

A person who believes the mind could have a direct influence on the body and vice versa

Question 11

Animal Spirits

Answer 11

Descartes thought that this was derived from the heat of the blood and were the driving forces behind movement.

Question 12

Pineal Gland

Answer 12

Descartes thought this part of the brain was where the mind and body met to interact.

Question 13

Epistemology

Answer 13

The study of human knowledge and it’s acquisition

Question 14

Simple Ideas

Answer 14

Ideas that result from experiencing basic sensory qualities

Question 15

Complex ideas

Answer 15

A compounds of thought that can be boiled down to simple ideas

Question 16

Primary qualities

Answer 16

Said to exist as an inherent property of an object.

Question 17

Secondary qualities

Answer 17

Attributes that are not inherent to objects but depend on perception

Question 18

Materialism

Answer 18

Believing that there’s only one physical reality, so everything is measurable, everything is observable

Question 19

Determinism

Answer 19

The belief that all events have prior causes.

Question 20

Impressions

Answer 20

Basic sensations. the raw data of experience (Associationism)

Question 21

Ideas

Answer 21

Faint copies of impressions. associationism

Question 22

Innate ideas

Answer 22

Descartes believed that god, self, and infinity are these

Question 23

Derived ideas

Answer 23

Descartes believed these ideas come from experiences

Question 24

Empiricism

Answer 24

The idea that our knowledge of the world is constructed from our experiences in it.

Question 25

Resemblance

Answer 25

One of the three laws of associationim: When an object reminds us of another.

Question 26

Contiguity

Answer 26

On the three laws of associationism: when you experience things together so that memory of one thing triggers a memory of another.

Question 27

Cause and effect

Answer 27

One of three laws of associationism: If one event follows another with some regularity, we will develop an association between the two.

Question 28

parallelism

Answer 28

David Hartley’s idea that psychological and physiological event happened separately but at the same time

Question 29

Spatial (sychronous) contiguity

Answer 29

Hartley associationism: Occurrence of two or more objects, events, or mental impressions together in space

Question 30

temporal (successive) contiguity

Answer 30

Hartley associationism: Occurrence of two or more objects, events, or mental impressions together in time