Exam 2 terminology

Question 1

Describe the blood brain barrier

Answer 1

Specialized anatomic arrangement of cerebral capillary walls that serve to restrict passage of some drugs to the brain

Question 2

Describe arrhythmia

Answer 2

Significant deviation from normal cardiac rhythm resulting in slower or faster heart rate

Question 3

Describe BDNF

Answer 3

Brain derived neurotropic factor

Protein produced in the brain that helps sustain neuronal activity and growth

May be important in mediating the effects of antidepressants and other CNS drugs

Question 4

Describe Akathisia

Answer 4

Feeling of extreme motor restlessness and an inability to sit still, may result from antipsychotic drug therapy

Question 5

Describe Dyskinesia

Answer 5

Involuntary movements like tremors

May result from antiparkinsons and antipsychotic drugs

Question 6

Describe epigenetic factors

Answer 6

Process that affects gene activity by chemically modifying genetic material rather than changing DNA.

Question 7

Describe Neuroleptic

Answer 7

Term used to describe antipsychotic drugs that produce apathy, sedation, decreased initiative, and decreased responsiveness in patients

Question 8

Describe psychosis

Answer 8

severe mental illness, though disturbance and impaired perception of reality

Question 9

Describe tardive dyskinesia

Answer 9

Movement disorder of involuntary fragmented movements of the mouth, face and jaw

May result from prolonged administration of antipsychotic drugs

Question 10

Describe epilepsy

Answer 10

Recurrent seizures manifested as brief periods of altered consciousness, involuntary motor actions and vivid sensory phenomena

Question 11

Describe anticholinergics

Answer 11

Decrease the activity of acetylcholine receptors

Diminish activity of the parasympathetic nervous system

Question 12

Describe COMT

Answer 12

Catechol - O - methyltransferase

Enzyme that degrades levodopa to an inactive metabolite

COMT inhibitors help to protect the levodopa drug in Parkinson’s patients

Question 13

Describe dopamine

Answer 13

Neurotransmitter in the the CNS, important in motor control and behavior

Question 14

Describe drug holidays

Answer 14

When a drug is withdrawn from a patient to allow for recovery from toxicity

Question 15

Describe End of dose akinesia

Answer 15

When the effectiveness of a dose wears off towards the end of its dosing interval, lack of volitional movement in the patient

Question 16

Describe Parkinson disease

Answer 16

Bradykinesia, rigidity, resting tremor, postural instability

Neurotransmitter abnormalities in the basil ganglia

Question 17

Describe the on-off phenomena

Answer 17

fluctuation in response when medication effectiveness diminishes between doses

Question 18

Describe an epidural nerve block

Answer 18

Administration of local anesthesia into the spinal canal between the vertebral column and dura matter

Question 19

Describe a spinal nerve bock

Answer 19

Administration of local anesthesia into subdural space

Question 20

Describe local anesthesia

Answer 20

loss of sensation to a small part of the body without loss of consciousness

Question 21

Describe an amide

Answer 21

chemical linkage found in some local anesthetics involving carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen

Question 22

Describe an ester

Answer 22

type of chemical linkage found in local anesthetics with carbon and oxygen

Question 23

Describe Spasticity

Answer 23

Occurs following an injury to the spinal cord

Question 24

Describe spasms

Answer 24

involuntary un-relaxable muscle tension resulting from certain MSK injuries

Question 25

Describe and opiod

Answer 25

analgesic drug with morphine like effects

Question 26

Describe PCA

Answer 26

Patient controlled analgesia

patient self administering an opioid with a pump

Question 27

Describe COX

Answer 27

key enzyme involved in prostaglandin biosynthesis

converts arachidonic acid into prostaglandin

Question 28

Describe cytokine

Answer 28

term used to describe proteins produced by various immune inflammatory cells

Question 29

Describe thromboxane

Answer 29

regulate platelet activity and blood clotting

Question 30

describe a thrombus

Answer 30

blood clot formed by the activation of fibrin and platelets