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TRI 3 - PH > Exam 1 review > Flashcards

Exam 1 review Flashcards

1
Q

What are the phases of drug development

A

1 - Safety assessment
2 - Drug Effectiveness
3 - Large trials, RCT
4 - Drug approved, post marketing surveillance

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2
Q

What are the schedules for controlled substances

A

1 - high abuse potential
2 - accepted medical uses, high abuse potential
3 - limited refill due to abuse potential, low to mod abuse potential
4 - low abuse and dependence
5 - lowest abuse potential

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3
Q

What makes a drug selective

A

If it binds affects only one type of cell or tissue

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4
Q

What is super sensitivity

A

Prolonged decrease in stimulation of receptors resulting in increase in receptor sensitivity

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5
Q

Describe the parasympathetic nervous system

A 
Cholinergic
Acetylcholine
M1, M4, M5 - CNS
M2 - heart
M3 - bladder, pancreas
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6
Q

Describe the sympathetic nervous system

A 
Adrenergic 
Norepinephrine
Alpha 1 - smooth muscle
Alpha 2 - CNS, GI tract, pancreas
Beta 1 - cardiac muscles, kidneys
Beta 2 - bronchioles
Beta 3 - fat cells
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7
Q

Describe cholinergic stimulants

A

Increase activity at cholinergic synapses

Direct acting - bind to receptors, treat: glaucoma, dry mouth, urinary retention

Indirect acting - inhibit enzymes, treat: Myasthenia gravis, Alzheimer’s, Glaucoma, reversal of NM block

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8
Q

What are side effects of Cholinergic drugs

A 
GI distress
Increased salivation
Bronchoconstriction
Bradycardia
Difficulty in visual accommodation
SLUDGE
Salivation
Lacrimation
Urination
Diarrhea
GI cramps
Emesis
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9
Q

Describe anti cholinergic drugs

A 
Decrease cholinergic stimulation
treat:
Peptic ulcers and IBS
Parkinson's
Motion sickness
CV and respiratory disorders
Overactive Bladder
Dilate pupils
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10
Q

What are side effects of anticholinergic drugs

A 
Dry mouth
blurred vision
Urinary retention
Constipation
Tachycardia

Hot as hell
Blind as a bat
Red as a beet
Mad as a hatter

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11
Q

Describe alpha 1 agonists

A

Vasoconstrictors

Treat: hypotension and nasal congestion

Decrease HR during tachycardia

SE: increased BP, reflex bradycardia

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12
Q

Describe alpha 2 agonists

A

Inhibit sympathetic discharge

Treat: hypertension and spasticity

SE: dizziness, drowsiness, dry mouth

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13
Q

Describe Beta 1 agonists

A

Increase HR and CO

Treat: CV shock and heart failure

SE: chest pain, arrhythmias, SOB, difficulty breathing

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14
Q

Describe beta 2 agonists

A

mediates relaxation of smooth muscle

Treat: bronchospasm

Prevents premature labor and contractions

SE: nervousness, restlessness, trembling, airway hyper responsiveness

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15
Q

Describe alpha antagonists

A

Reduce peripheral vascular tone

Treat: increase in BP, raynaud’s syndrome, PVD

SE: reflex tachycardia

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16
Q

Describe beta antagonists

A

Beta blockers

Decrease HR/ Contraction force

Treat: HTN, Angina, Decrease fatality post MI, heart failure and some arrhythmias

SE: Broncho constriction

17
Q

Describe Diuretics

A

Act on kidneys to increase water and sodium excretion

Adverse effects:
dehydration
Electrolyte imbalance
Impaired

(-ide)

18
Q

Describe beta blockers

A

Decrease HR and myocardial infarction force

AE: bronchoconstriction, OH, bradycardia

(-olol)

19
Q

Describe alpha blockers

A

Decrease vascular resistance by targeting smooth muscle

Favorable effect on glucose metabolism and insulin resistance

AE: reflex tachycardia, OH, Increased risk of HF

(-osin)

20
Q

Describe presynaptic adrenergic inhibitors

A

Inhibit release of NE

AE: bradycardia, dizziness, sedation

21
Q

Describe centrally acting agents

A

inhibit sympathetic discharge from brainstem

AE: dry mouth, dizziness, sedation

22
Q

Describe ganglionic blockers

A

Block synaptic transmission at autonomic ganglion

Used in short term autonomic crisis

AE: OH, visual disturbances

23
Q

Describe vasodilators

A

Directly vasodilate peripheral vasculature

AE: reflex tachycardia, dizziness, OH, hair growth

(-ine)

24
Q

Describe ACE inhibitors

A

inhibits enzyme that converts angiotensin 1-2

AE: dry cough, skin rash, angioedema

(-pril)

25
Q

What are the types of angina

A

Stable

  • Goes away after exertion
  • BB, Calcium channel blockers, nitrates

Variant

  • coronary artery vasospasm
  • Calcium channel blockers

Unstable

  • precursor to MI
  • BB, anticoagulant, antiplatelet, ACE-1, statins
26
Q

Describe calcium channel blockers

A

Developed to treat angina and arrhythmias

AE: increased risk of MI, possible increased risk of cancer, OH, swelling in feet and ankles, reflex tachycardia

(-ipine)

27
Q

Describe ARBs

A

used if patient cant tolerate and ACE - 1

AE: angioedema

(-artan)

28
Q

Describe direct renin inhibitors

A

Inhibit renin’s ability to be converted into angiotensin 1

AE: dry cough, GI problems

29
Q

Describe anticoagulants/ antiplatelet

A

Aspirin

Treat angina pectoris

(-irin)

30
Q

What meds decrease cardiac workload

A 
ACE inhibitors
ARBs
Direct renin inhibitors
Beta blockers
Diuretics
Vasodilators

TRI 3 - PH (12 decks)

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