EXAM 2 TB Flashcards
The causative agent for tuberculosis is _ _ which is transmitted through __ __ from persons that undergoing __ infection
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
airborne droplets
active
Tuberculosis occurs more frequently with: (4)
- Persons living in crowded conditions
- People with immunodeficiency or HIV infection
- People with chronic alcoholism, malnourished
- People who are suffering from chronic disease which can lead to chronic inflammation and decreased immune function
When we first inhale that mycobacterium tuberculosis in our lung, we have our __ __ getting ready to start
primary infection
When we get that bacteria in there, our body is going to have an __ __
inflammatory response
IF we have __ __, if we have __ __ __ , our body is going to try to fight it somewhat
high resistance; normal immune function
We are going to have our delayed __ __ __ reaction kick in which is going to show as __ when we get that PPD test
type IV hypersensitivity
positive
The __ are going to go to __ __ which are going to initiate that type IV immune response
bacilli ; lymph nodes
For those with __ __ and good __ __, there are going to be __ that form as the body tried to fight that M. tuberculosis
high resistance; immune function
tubercles
When that tubercle forms, what kinds of things are going to be in there? (3)
- There’s going to be cells that are dying, some necrosis
- Inflammatory products
- Body’s leukocytes
We have difficulty trying to totally eradicate it from the body. Eventually we will form __ and wall off the __ . This is called a __ __. Our body is going to make new types of __ __ in order to form __ and wall off the bacteria.
granulomas; bacteria ; Ghon complex
epithelial cells; granulomas
If we stay healthy and are not immunocompromised, then we are going to successfully have it walled off. If we have immune suppression, then that walled off bacteria can __ __ and break forth again through these complexes leading to a __ __ or __.
come back; secondary infection; reinfection
If we have __ __ or __ __ __, we are initially infected by that tuberculosis then we can have __ occur
low resistance; poor immune function ; cavitation
We are undergoing __ __ when under cavitation
active infection
Cavitation can also be seen in __ __ or __
secondary infection; reinfection
When we get to that active infection stage, that is when we can:
spread it to other people!
The bacilli can remain dormant for years and then just come out again when we have __ __ __
low immune function
In active infection, the organism is __ and forming a large area of __
multiplying; necrosis
This is causing __ __ __ of lungs or __
large open areas; cavitations
Cavitations promote spreading of the other parts of the lung such as the __ __ or even through the __ and to other parts of the body
pleural cavity; bloodstream
__ __ or __ __ will show some cavitations
Radiographic findings; x rays
During active infection, we will have a __ __ __
positive sputum culture
If we have a patient with TB, they are going to be in the _ __ __ and we will be wearing our ___ ___
negative pressure room; N-95 masks
Many people with TB are __. After a long period of time and in the presence of __ __, they may have __ __ __.
asymptomatic
chronic inflammation
general systemic manifestations
What are some of the general systemic manifestations of TB? (7)
- Malaise
- Anorexia and accompanying weight loss
- Fatigue
- Chest pain
- Low-grade fever (not a high fever)
- Classic sx: night sweats
- Chronic cough possibly with bloody sputum
