EXAM 2 TB

Question 1

The causative agent for tuberculosis is _ _ which is transmitted through __ __ from persons that undergoing __ infection

Answer 1

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

airborne droplets

active

Question 2

Tuberculosis occurs more frequently with: (4)

Answer 2

1. Persons living in crowded conditions
2. People with immunodeficiency or HIV infection
3. People with chronic alcoholism, malnourished
4. People who are suffering from chronic disease which can lead to chronic inflammation and decreased immune function

Question 3

When we first inhale that mycobacterium tuberculosis in our lung, we have our __ __ getting ready to start

Answer 3

primary infection

Question 4

When we get that bacteria in there, our body is going to have an __ __

Answer 4

inflammatory response

Question 5

IF we have __ __, if we have __ __ __ , our body is going to try to fight it somewhat

Answer 5

high resistance; normal immune function

Question 6

We are going to have our delayed __ __ __ reaction kick in which is going to show as __ when we get that PPD test

Answer 6

type IV hypersensitivity

positive

Question 7

The __ are going to go to __ __ which are going to initiate that type IV immune response

Answer 7

bacilli ; lymph nodes

Question 8

For those with __ __ and good __ __, there are going to be __ that form as the body tried to fight that M. tuberculosis

Answer 8

high resistance; immune function

tubercles

Question 9

When that tubercle forms, what kinds of things are going to be in there? (3)

Answer 9

1. There’s going to be cells that are dying, some necrosis
2. Inflammatory products
3. Body’s leukocytes

Question 10

We have difficulty trying to totally eradicate it from the body. Eventually we will form __ and wall off the __ . This is called a __ __. Our body is going to make new types of __ __ in order to form __ and wall off the bacteria.

Answer 10

granulomas; bacteria ; Ghon complex

epithelial cells; granulomas

Question 11

If we stay healthy and are not immunocompromised, then we are going to successfully have it walled off. If we have immune suppression, then that walled off bacteria can __ __ and break forth again through these complexes leading to a __ __ or __.

Answer 11

come back; secondary infection; reinfection

Question 12

If we have __ __ or __ __ __, we are initially infected by that tuberculosis then we can have __ occur

Answer 12

low resistance; poor immune function ; cavitation

Question 13

We are undergoing __ __ when under cavitation

Answer 13

active infection

Question 14

Cavitation can also be seen in __ __ or __

Answer 14

secondary infection; reinfection

Question 15

When we get to that active infection stage, that is when we can:

Answer 15

spread it to other people!

Question 16

The bacilli can remain dormant for years and then just come out again when we have __ __ __

Answer 16

low immune function

Question 17

In active infection, the organism is __ and forming a large area of __

Answer 17

multiplying; necrosis

Question 18

This is causing __ __ __ of lungs or __

Answer 18

large open areas; cavitations

Question 19

Cavitations promote spreading of the other parts of the lung such as the __ __ or even through the __ and to other parts of the body

Answer 19

pleural cavity; bloodstream

Question 20

__ __ or __ __ will show some cavitations

Answer 20

Radiographic findings; x rays

Question 21

During active infection, we will have a __ __ __

Answer 21

positive sputum culture

Question 22

If we have a patient with TB, they are going to be in the _ __ __ and we will be wearing our ___ ___

Answer 22

negative pressure room; N-95 masks

Question 23

Many people with TB are __. After a long period of time and in the presence of __ __, they may have __ __ __.

Answer 23

asymptomatic
chronic inflammation
general systemic manifestations

Question 24

What are some of the general systemic manifestations of TB? (7)

Answer 24

1. Malaise
2. Anorexia and accompanying weight loss
3. Fatigue
4. Chest pain
5. Low-grade fever (not a high fever)
6. Classic sx: night sweats
7. Chronic cough possibly with bloody sputum

Question 25

What does PPD stand for?

Answer 25

purified protein derivative

Question 26

A positive PPD for tuberculin skin test indicates that we had __ or a __ __ at some point in time

Answer 26

exposure; primary infection

Question 27

Person has to go get a __ _ __ to see if they have any type of active infection

Answer 27

chest x ray

Question 28

We can check: 
1
2
3 
to determine if they have an active infection

Answer 28

1. sputum culture and sensitivity
2. acid fast sputum test
3. nucleic amplification of that sputum

Question 29

If person has an active infection, we have to put them on __ __ __ __

Answer 29

active TB infection precautions

Question 30

Treatment of tuberculosis can use a combination of __-__ drugs depending if they have an active infection or __ __ and we’re trying to treat it. It can range from __ __ to _ __ .

Answer 30

2-4; latent tuberculosis; 6 months ; 1 year

Question 31

There are a lot of issues now with __-__ __ __ from people not taking their drugs for the full __ __ to __

Answer 31

multi-drug resistant tuberculosis

6 months; year

Question 32

We have gone to a lot of __ __ __ or (__) so we make people come in and we:

Answer 32

directly observed therapy (DOT)

watch them take those medications so that we know that they are taking them

Question 33

We can follow up with people that are not showing up to make sure that they are taking all o the drugs and we are not developing and further __ __

Answer 33

drug resistance