Ch. 40 Disorders of Acid-Base Balance Flashcards
Respiratory = __ =__
CO2 ; acid
Metabolic = ___ = ___
HCO3; base
Acids are molecules that __ __ ions
Examples (3)
release H ions
- SO4
- Nitric acid
- Carbonic acid
Bases are ions that can __ or __ with __ and __ it and get rid of that acidity
accept; combine; H+; neutralize
pH =
% of H in our body
Our blood is slightly __
basic
Acid-Base balance equation:
CO2 + H2O –> H2CO3 -> H+ + HCO3-
What is the normal ratio of bicarb to carbonic acid and H ions ? (this determines pH)
20:1
What are the 3 main buffer systems?
- Plasma buffer system
- Respiratory buffer system
- Renal buffer system
Plasma buffer system:
Responds __ to changes
What are the sub-buffer systems within the plasma buffer system? (3)
quickly
- Bicarbonate buffer system
- Phosphate buffer system
- Protein buffer system
In bicarb buffer system:
bicarb ions __ with __ ions and help to get rid of __ or release _- if too alkaline
combine; H; acid; H
Phosphate buffer system: P ions in the blood can __ to the __ ions or release those __ __ if needed
attach ; H ; H ions
Proteins buffer: Proteins have an end group like __ and __ groups that can help them act as buffers; They can attract an __ ion or others to help adjust the pH of the plasma QUICKLY
carbonyl; amide
H
Respiratory buffer system: can adjust within ___ if we need to retain or blow off more __
minutes; CO2
Renal buffer system: takes __ to __ (little __)
hours; days; LONGER
normal pH is 7.35-7.45 __ ___ (___)
arterial blood (oxygenated)
We can use an __ __ to look at what kind of __ is going on in the body. This is not good for __.
anion gap; alkalosis; acidosis
examples of anions:
chloride, bicarb, lactate
examples of cations:
sodium; calcium; magnesium
anion gap =
cations - anions
Respiratory acidosis: what causes this?
- from neuromuscular problems we are not able to properly work the diaphragm and breath well to move the CO2 out of the lung
- drug or head injury which effects the breath control center (hypothalamus) can cause poor breathing slow and shallow
- airway obstruction from choking
- lung diseases affect how person is breathing
Manifestations of respiratory acidosis:
In CNS: dizziness lethargy headache convulsions coma
Causes of respiratory alkalosis:
- from an anxiety/panic attack
- people in pain taking shallow breaths
- some head injuries/brain tumors can cause hyperventilation
- pts on mechanical ventilation may be over ventilated so too much CO2 pulled out of the boyd
Manifestations of respiratory alkalosis:
- NEURO
- tingling sensation
- confusion
- tachypnea
