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PATHO > Ch. 40 Disorders of Acid-Base Balance > Flashcards

Ch. 40 Disorders of Acid-Base Balance Flashcards

1
Q

Respiratory = __ =__

A

CO2 ; acid

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2
Q

Metabolic = ___ = ___

A

HCO3; base

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3
Q

Acids are molecules that __ __ ions

Examples (3)

A

release H ions

  1. SO4
  2. Nitric acid
  3. Carbonic acid
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4
Q

Bases are ions that can __ or __ with __ and __ it and get rid of that acidity

A

accept; combine; H+; neutralize

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5
Q

pH =

A

% of H in our body

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6
Q

Our blood is slightly __

A

basic

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7
Q

Acid-Base balance equation:

A

CO2 + H2O –> H2CO3 -> H+ + HCO3-

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8
Q

What is the normal ratio of bicarb to carbonic acid and H ions ? (this determines pH)

A

20:1

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9
Q

What are the 3 main buffer systems?

A
  1. Plasma buffer system
  2. Respiratory buffer system
  3. Renal buffer system
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10
Q

Plasma buffer system:
Responds __ to changes
What are the sub-buffer systems within the plasma buffer system? (3)

A

quickly

  1. Bicarbonate buffer system
  2. Phosphate buffer system
  3. Protein buffer system
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11
Q

In bicarb buffer system:

bicarb ions __ with __ ions and help to get rid of __ or release _- if too alkaline

A

combine; H; acid; H

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12
Q

Phosphate buffer system: P ions in the blood can __ to the __ ions or release those __ __ if needed

A

attach ; H ; H ions

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13
Q

Proteins buffer: Proteins have an end group like __ and __ groups that can help them act as buffers; They can attract an __ ion or others to help adjust the pH of the plasma QUICKLY

A

carbonyl; amide

H

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14
Q

Respiratory buffer system: can adjust within ___ if we need to retain or blow off more __

A

minutes; CO2

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15
Q

Renal buffer system: takes __ to __ (little __)

A

hours; days; LONGER

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16
Q

normal pH is 7.35-7.45 __ ___ (___)

A

arterial blood (oxygenated)

17
Q

We can use an __ __ to look at what kind of __ is going on in the body. This is not good for __.

A

anion gap; alkalosis; acidosis

18
Q

examples of anions:

A

chloride, bicarb, lactate

19
Q

examples of cations:

A

sodium; calcium; magnesium

20
Q

anion gap =

A

cations - anions

21
Q

Respiratory acidosis: what causes this?

A
  1. from neuromuscular problems we are not able to properly work the diaphragm and breath well to move the CO2 out of the lung
  2. drug or head injury which effects the breath control center (hypothalamus) can cause poor breathing slow and shallow
  3. airway obstruction from choking
  4. lung diseases affect how person is breathing
22
Q

Manifestations of respiratory acidosis:

A 
In CNS: 
dizziness
lethargy
headache
convulsions
coma
23
Q

Causes of respiratory alkalosis:

A
  1. from an anxiety/panic attack
  2. people in pain taking shallow breaths
  3. some head injuries/brain tumors can cause hyperventilation
  4. pts on mechanical ventilation may be over ventilated so too much CO2 pulled out of the boyd
24
Q

Manifestations of respiratory alkalosis:

A
  1. NEURO
  2. tingling sensation
  3. confusion
  4. tachypnea
25
Q

Metabolic acidosis: causes :

A
  1. from lactic acidosis - too much anaerobic metabolism
  2. diabetic ketoacidosis type 1 (can’t get enough sugar into cells b/c can’t produce insulin, breakdown amino acids and produce ketones instead)
  3. Excessive diarrhea - loss of bicarb
  4. renal failure - kidney cannot reabsorb bicarb so its lost in urine
26
Q

Manifestations of metabolic acidosis :

A

RELATED TO NERVOUS SYSTEM

  1. headache
  2. lethargy
  3. confusion
  4. hyperpnea
27
Q

Compensations of metabolic acidosis:

A

hyperpnea by the respiratory system to blow off more CO2

28
Q

Causes of metabolic alkalosis:

A
  1. vomiting/prolonged gastric suctioning (pulls acid out of go tract)
  2. taking over the counter antacids (these meds have a lot of bicarb in them)
    3
29
Q

Manifestations of metabolic alkalosis:

A
  1. numbness and tingling of fingers
  2. toes muscle cramps
  3. tetany (muscle contracting and getting stuck in that position)
30
Q

Compensation of metabolic alkalosis:

A
  1. hypoventilate

2. if no renal disease, decrease H excretion and decrease hock reabsorption

PATHO (15 decks)

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