Ch. 13 Innate & Adaptive Immunity

Question 1

First line of defense =

Answer 1

outer barrier

Question 2

Second line of defense:

Answer 2

inflammatory process and innate immune response

Question 3

Third Line of defense:
____
Defend body from:

Help find __ and __ cells and __ them if found in body
Inappropriate immune response can__ __ ___.

Answer 3

Immunity!
organisms that have gotten through the first 2 lines of defense.

abnormal; cancer; destroy

lead to disorders

Question 4

the main components of adaptive immunity:

Answer 4

1. B and T lymphocytes

Question 5

Innate immunity:

Answer 5

1. neutrophils
2. natural killer cells
3. dendritic cells
4. macrophages

Question 6

Our body can recognize self-cells via ___. Our immune system will __ these cells marked with this.

Answer 6

HLA (human leukocytes antigen proteins)

ignore

Question 7

What are the two types of adaptive immunity?

Answer 7

cell mediated (T) and humoral (B)

Question 8

Cytotoxic T cells =

Answer 8

CD8

Question 9

there are two types of T __ cells (CD4) :

Answer 9

helper

Th1 and Th2

Question 10

Th1:

Answer 10

calls other t cells (macrophages and dendritic cells) to the area to destroy foreign cells

Question 11

Th2: responsible for combined immunity: will call ___

Answer 11

B lymphocytes - will generate memory cells so they can see the foreign antigens again and attack more quickly

Question 12

Humoral immunity is the __ lymphocytes

can secrete __ from __ __ and will make __ __

Answer 12

B;

antibodies; plasma cells; memory cells

Question 13

Antigens can be __ or __

Answer 13

microbes or non-microbes (like chemicals, dyes, coal dust, asbestos)

Question 14

__ are what the B plasma cells release that can recognize antigens

Answer 14

Anitbodies

Question 15

HLAs are located on __ __ __

Answer 15

Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)

Question 16

How many MHC classes are there?

Answer 16

3, but we are only discussing first 2

Question 17

MHC Class 1 is found on __ __ __ on the surface

Answer 17

all nucleated cells

Question 18

MHC Class 2 are restricted to __ __ than can __ __

examples :

Answer 18

immune cells; present antigens

macrophages; dendritic cells that engulf foreign antigens; they will put a mark on themselves on the surface as MHC 2 molecules

Question 19

T cells are developed in the

Answer 19

thymus

Question 20

B cells are developed in the

Answer 20

bone marrow

Question 21

Both t and b cells are found in __ __

Answer 21

lymph nodes

Question 22

IgG:

Answer 22

1. most common
2. smallest can exit blood vessel and enter the interstitial fluid and cross placental
3. mounts the biggest response after we have come in contact with an organism previously (2ND EXPOSURE)
4. target virus, toxin, bacteria

Question 23

IgM:

Answer 23

1. is a little lager so stay in intravascular pool (can’t cross capillary bed)
2. MOUNTS THE FIRST INITIAL RESPONSE
3. activates the complement system

Question 24

IgA:

Answer 24

1. both a part of innate and adaptive immunity
2. part of innate immunity but come from B cells located in tissue under skin/mucous membranes
3. Attacks the antigens before they get in
4. can pass on from mother to child via breast milk (colostrum = first breast milk)

Question 25

IgD works closely with __, located primarily on __ cells membranes

Can stimulate _ cells to multiply, differentiate into __ and __ cells
They can help secrete other immunoglobulins such as __ and __

Answer 25

IgM

B

B; plasma; memory

IgG and IgM

Question 26

IgE : 2 main fxns

Answer 26

1.Protect against parasites 2.responsible for initiating inflammatory and allergic rxns (via histamine that is released from basophil and mast cells )

Question 27

IgE bound to receptors on __/__ __ cause mast cell ___ -> ___ release -> trigger of __ __

Answer 27

basophils/mast cells; degranulation; histamine; inflammatory response

Question 28

5 fxns of Antibodies

Answer 28

1. Immunoglobulin can bind the antigens (antigen-antibody complex) make it bigger so precipitate out of blood - easier for macrophages to find , engulf, and destroy
2. Neutralization: neutralize toxin secreted by bacteria
3. Opsonization: coat antigens making it easier to be recognized by phagocytic cells
4. Complement activation ;trigger inflammatory response and localize the infection

Question 29

ELISA detects antibodies to determine if we have been :

Answer 29

exposed to the microorganism

Question 30

Indirect coombs test

Answer 30

used to prepare blood transfusion and to see if the mother and baby are Rh compatible

Question 31

MHC typing

Answer 31

to prepare for tissue transplant to see if they match before the transplant; we need to match tissue based on those MHC where there’s HLA proteins before a transplant can occur

Question 32

Primary response:

Answer 32

first exposure to antigen; 1-2 weeks for antibody titer to reach efficacy

IgM kicks in first and later IgG

Question 33

Secondary response:

Answer 33

repeat exposure to the same antigen; more rapid response with efficacy in 1-3 days

IgG first goes and then IgM

Question 34

Artificial Active

Answer 34

vaccination

Question 35

Passive is

Answer 35

temporary

Question 36

Natural:

Answer 36

from mother to child