Exam 2 - Regions of the Vertebral Column ( Sacrum and Coccyx)

Question 1

From the anterior view the intervertebral discs of sacrum will be replaced by what?

Answer 1

transverse ridges

Question 2

What part of the sacral ala continues along the ventral surface of sacrum to about S4?

Answer 2

the costal element

Question 3

What forms the median sacral crest?

Answer 3

fused spinous processes and their spinous tubercles

Question 4

An imaginary line drawn from the superior articular process of S1 to the sacral cornu will form what feature?

Answer 4

intermediate sacral crest

Question 5

What features may be identified along the intermediate sacral crest?

Answer 5

the mammillary process of S1 and the sacral cornu of S5

Question 6

What does the sacral cornu represent?

Answer 6

the inferior articular process and facet of S5

Question 7

What is the name of the inferior opening of the sacral spinal canal?

Answer 7

the sacral hiatus

Question 8

What features may be identified along the lateral sacral crest?

Answer 8

S1 transverse tubercle
sacral tuberosity of S2
transverse tubercles of S3-S5

Question 9

What is the name of the joint formed by the sacral tuberosity?

Answer 9

the accessory sacro-iliac joint

Question 10

What muscles is said to attach to the dorsal surface of sacrum?

Answer 10

iliacus

Question 11

What feature is identified on the lateral surface of S1-S3?

Answer 11

auricular surface

Question 12

What feature does the anterior surface of the superior epiphyseal rim of S1 form?

Answer 12

the sacral promontory

Question 13

The continuation of the anterior longitudinal ligament below S3 forms what ligament?

Answer 13

the anterior sacrococcygeal ligament

Question 14

The continuation of the posterior longitudinal ligament below S3 forms what ligament?

Answer 14

the deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligament

Question 15

What ligament is attached to the sacral hiatus?

Answer 15

the superficial posterior sacrococcygeal ligament

Question 16

What is the homolog of the PLL at S5?

Answer 16

deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligament

Question 17

What is the homolog of the ALL at S5

Answer 17

the anterior sacrococcygeal ligament

Question 18

What is the homolog for the ligamentum flavum at S5?

Answer 18

the superficial posterior sacrococcygeal ligament

Question 19

What forms the inferior boundary for the spinal canal?

Answer 19

The union of the Superficial posterior and deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligaments

Question 20

What ligament is formed by the union of the superficial posterior sacrococcygeal and the deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligaments at Co1?

Answer 20

the posterior sacrococcygeal ligament

Question 21

What ligament is homolog of the intertransverse ligament at S5?

Answer 21

lateral sacrococcygeal ligament

Question 22

What ligament divides the sciatic foramen into the greater and lesser sciatic foramina?

Answer 22

sacrospinous ligament

Question 23

WHich ligament has a broad attachment along the lateral margin of sacrum and coccyx and then attaches to the ischial tuberosity?

Answer 23

sacrotuberous ligament

Question 24

Which ligament represents a thickening of the fibrous capsule of the saro-iliac joint?

Answer 24

anterior sacro-iliac ligament

Question 25

Which ligament will attach the intermediate sacral crest of S1, lateral sacral crest of S2 to posterior superior iliac spine?

Answer 25

short posterior sacro-iliac ligament

Question 26

Which ligament attaches the lateral sacral crest of S3 and S4 to the posterior superior iliac spine?

Answer 26

long posterior sacro-iliac ligament

Question 27

What is the homolog for the inferior articular process and facet at S5?

Answer 27

sacral cornu

Question 28

What is the homolog for the superior articular process and facet at Co1?

Answer 28

coccygeal cornu

Question 29

What is the homolog for the capsular ligament at S5?

Answer 29

intercornual ligament

Question 30

Which ligament is the strongest of the sacro-iliac ligaments and is penetrated by dorsal rami of the saral spinal nerves?

Answer 30

interosseous sacro-iliac ligament

Question 31

What is the number of coccygeal somites?

Answer 31

10

Question 32

What is the typical number of segments that unite to form the adult coccyx?

Answer 32

4

Question 33

when is ossification of the coccyx completed?

Answer 33

about 30

Question 34

What is the homolog of the the superior articular process and facet on Co1?

Answer 34

coccygeal cornu

Question 35

What is the major motion and rang of motion for the coccyx?

Answer 35

flexion/extension 5-20 degrees

Question 36

How many coccygeal nerves are present in the fetus?

Answer 36

typically 5 coccygeal nerves

Question 37

What is the ganglion impar?

Answer 37

a midline sympathetic ganglion

Question 38

What is the cocygeal glomus or coccygeal body?

Answer 38

an enlarged anteriovenous anastomosis located near the last segment of coccyx

Question 39

What muscles attach to coccyx?

Answer 39

ischiococcygues | levator ani

Question 40

What is the homolog for the posterior longitudinal ligament at Co1?

Answer 40

deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligament

Question 41

What is the homelog for the naterior longitudinal ligament at Co1?

Answer 41

anterior sacrococcygeal ligament

Question 42

What forms the inferior boundary for the spinal canal?

Answer 42

the union of the superficial posterior and deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligaments

Question 43

What is the homolog for the capsular ligament at Co1?

Answer 43

intercornual ligament

Question 44

What ligaments form the posterior boundary for the Co1 spinal nerve intervertebral foramen?

Answer 44

superficial posterior sacroccygeal ligament | intercornual ligament

Question 45

What ligaments form the anterior boundary for the Co1 spinal nerve intervertebral foramen?

Answer 45

deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligament | intervertebral disc

Question 46

What is the inferior atricular facet orientation of C1?

Answer 46

Backward Medial Downward | BMD

Question 47

Superior articular facets of which vertebrae will be oriented Backward Upward Medial BUM?

Answer 47

C1, C3-C7,L1-L5, S1

Question 48

Superior articular facets of which segments will be oriented Backward Upward Lateral?

Answer 48

C2, T1-T12

Question 49

Inferior articular facets of which segments will be oriented Foward Lateral Downward FoLD?

Answer 49

C2-C6,T12, L1-L5

Question 50

Inferior articular facets of which segments will be oriented Forward Medial Downward?

Answer 50

C7,T1-T11

Question 51

Inferior articular facets of which segments will be oriented Foward Lateral Downward FoLD AND CONVEX?

Answer 51

T12,L1-L5

Question 52

Which segment has the only inferior articular facet to face backward?

Answer 52

C1

Question 53

WHich segments will have facets that are specifically concave?

Answer 53

C1 L1-L5 SUPERIOR ARTICULAR FACETS S1

Question 54

WHich segments will have facets that are specifically convex?

Answer 54

T12 | L1-L5 INFERIOR ARTICULAR FACETS