Exam 2 - Regions of the Vertebral Column ( Sacrum and Coccyx) Flashcards
From the anterior view the intervertebral discs of sacrum will be replaced by what?
transverse ridges
What part of the sacral ala continues along the ventral surface of sacrum to about S4?
the costal element
What forms the median sacral crest?
fused spinous processes and their spinous tubercles
An imaginary line drawn from the superior articular process of S1 to the sacral cornu will form what feature?
intermediate sacral crest
What features may be identified along the intermediate sacral crest?
the mammillary process of S1 and the sacral cornu of S5
What does the sacral cornu represent?
the inferior articular process and facet of S5
What is the name of the inferior opening of the sacral spinal canal?
the sacral hiatus
What features may be identified along the lateral sacral crest?
S1 transverse tubercle
sacral tuberosity of S2
transverse tubercles of S3-S5
What is the name of the joint formed by the sacral tuberosity?
the accessory sacro-iliac joint
What muscles is said to attach to the dorsal surface of sacrum?
iliacus
What feature is identified on the lateral surface of S1-S3?
auricular surface
What feature does the anterior surface of the superior epiphyseal rim of S1 form?
the sacral promontory
The continuation of the anterior longitudinal ligament below S3 forms what ligament?
the anterior sacrococcygeal ligament
The continuation of the posterior longitudinal ligament below S3 forms what ligament?
the deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligament
What ligament is attached to the sacral hiatus?
the superficial posterior sacrococcygeal ligament
What is the homolog of the PLL at S5?
deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligament
What is the homolog of the ALL at S5
the anterior sacrococcygeal ligament
What is the homolog for the ligamentum flavum at S5?
the superficial posterior sacrococcygeal ligament
What forms the inferior boundary for the spinal canal?
The union of the Superficial posterior and deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligaments
What ligament is formed by the union of the superficial posterior sacrococcygeal and the deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligaments at Co1?
the posterior sacrococcygeal ligament
What ligament is homolog of the intertransverse ligament at S5?
lateral sacrococcygeal ligament
What ligament divides the sciatic foramen into the greater and lesser sciatic foramina?
sacrospinous ligament
WHich ligament has a broad attachment along the lateral margin of sacrum and coccyx and then attaches to the ischial tuberosity?
sacrotuberous ligament
Which ligament represents a thickening of the fibrous capsule of the saro-iliac joint?
anterior sacro-iliac ligament
Which ligament will attach the intermediate sacral crest of S1, lateral sacral crest of S2 to posterior superior iliac spine?
short posterior sacro-iliac ligament
Which ligament attaches the lateral sacral crest of S3 and S4 to the posterior superior iliac spine?
long posterior sacro-iliac ligament
What is the homolog for the inferior articular process and facet at S5?
sacral cornu
What is the homolog for the superior articular process and facet at Co1?
coccygeal cornu
What is the homolog for the capsular ligament at S5?
intercornual ligament
Which ligament is the strongest of the sacro-iliac ligaments and is penetrated by dorsal rami of the saral spinal nerves?
interosseous sacro-iliac ligament
What is the number of coccygeal somites?
10
What is the typical number of segments that unite to form the adult coccyx?
4
when is ossification of the coccyx completed?
about 30
What is the homolog of the the superior articular process and facet on Co1?
coccygeal cornu
What is the major motion and rang of motion for the coccyx?
flexion/extension 5-20 degrees
How many coccygeal nerves are present in the fetus?
typically 5 coccygeal nerves
What is the ganglion impar?
a midline sympathetic ganglion
What is the cocygeal glomus or coccygeal body?
an enlarged anteriovenous anastomosis located near the last segment of coccyx
What muscles attach to coccyx?
ischiococcygues
levator ani
What is the homolog for the posterior longitudinal ligament at Co1?
deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligament
What is the homelog for the naterior longitudinal ligament at Co1?
anterior sacrococcygeal ligament
What forms the inferior boundary for the spinal canal?
the union of the superficial posterior and deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligaments
What is the homolog for the capsular ligament at Co1?
intercornual ligament
What ligaments form the posterior boundary for the Co1 spinal nerve intervertebral foramen?
superficial posterior sacroccygeal ligament
intercornual ligament
What ligaments form the anterior boundary for the Co1 spinal nerve intervertebral foramen?
deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligament
intervertebral disc
What is the inferior atricular facet orientation of C1?
Backward Medial Downward
BMD
Superior articular facets of which vertebrae will be oriented Backward Upward Medial BUM?
C1, C3-C7,L1-L5, S1
Superior articular facets of which segments will be oriented Backward Upward Lateral?
C2, T1-T12
Inferior articular facets of which segments will be oriented Foward Lateral Downward FoLD?
C2-C6,T12, L1-L5
Inferior articular facets of which segments will be oriented Forward Medial Downward?
C7,T1-T11
Inferior articular facets of which segments will be oriented Foward Lateral Downward FoLD AND CONVEX?
T12,L1-L5
Which segment has the only inferior articular facet to face backward?
C1
WHich segments will have facets that are specifically concave?
C1
L1-L5 SUPERIOR ARTICULAR FACETS
S1
WHich segments will have facets that are specifically convex?
T12
L1-L5 INFERIOR ARTICULAR FACETS
