Exam 2 - Regions of the Vertebral Collumn (Typical Cervical) Flashcards
What is the number of vertebrae in the typical cervical spine?
seven segments
Which vertebrae are typical cervicals?
C3-C6
Which vertebrae are atypical cervicals?
C1, C2, C7
What is the shape of the typical cervical vertebral body from the cranial view?
rectangular
What is the appearance of the typical cervical vertebral body from the lateral view?
posterior height is greater than anterior height by a few millimeters
What would be the direction of the cervical curve based on osseous features?
posterior or kyphotic
What accounts for the direction of the typical cervical curve?
the intervertebral disc height
What is the direction of the typical cervical curve?
anterior or lordotic
At which vertebral couple will the cervical curve again increase intervertebral disc height?
C5/C6
What are the modifications of the superior epiphyseal rim of a typical cervical?
anterior groove
posterior groove
right and left uncinate processes
What are the names of the lateral modification of the superior epiphyseal rim?
uncinate process unciform process uncovertebral process uncus lateral lip
What are the modifications of the inferior epiphyseal rim of a typical cervical?
anterior lip
posterior lip
lateral grooves
What is the joint classification for the anterior lip-anterior groove articulation?
fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis
What is the joint classification for the uncinate process-lateral groove articulation?
modified synovial saddle (diarthrosis sellar)
What is the joint classification for the spongy bone-intervertebral disc articulation?
cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphasis
How many joint are present on the upper surface of a typical cervical vertebral body?
five
how many joints are present on the lower surface of a typical cervical body?
five
how many joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of a typical cervical?
ten
how many synovial joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of a typical cervical?
four
What other terms are used to identify the uncinate processes?
unciform process
uncovertebral process
uncus
lateral lip
What is the name given to the uncinate process-lateral groove articulation?
joint of Luschka
OR uncovertebral joint
the joint of Luschka is formed from what surfaces?
uncinate process
lateral groove
What muscle attaches to the typical cervical vertebral body?
the longus colli muscle
What is the orientation and angulation of the pedicle of a typical cervical?
posterolateral, 45 degrees
What is the direction of projection of the cervical lamina?
posteromedially
What ligament attaches to the lamina of a typical cervical?
ligamentum flavum
Ossification of the ligamentum flavum at the attachment site on the lamina will result in what feature?
para-articular processes
Which is the greatest diameter of the vertebral foramen of typical cervicals?
transverse
The greatest transverse diameter of the typical cervical vertebra occurs at…
C6
The greatest frequency of osteophytes associated with the vertebral body occurs at which typical cervical vertebral couple?
C5/C6
List, in order, the osseous parts of the typical cervical vertebra transverse process beginning at the vertebral body
costal element anterior tubercle costotransverse bar posterior tubercle true tansverse process
What muscles will attach to the anterior tubercle of a typical cervical vertebra?
anterior scalene
longus capitis
longus colli
anterior intertransversarii
What muscles may attach to the posterior tubercle of a typical cervical vertebra?
splenius cervicis iliocostalis cervicis longissimus cervicis levator scapula middle scalene posterior scalene rotators posterior intertransversarii
What muscles will attach to the costotransverse bar?
middle scalene
posterior intertransversarii
What is the orientation and angulation of a typical cervical transverse process?
60 degrees anterolaterally from the midsagittal plane
15 degrees inferiorly from the horizontal plane
What is the name given to the modification of the anterior tubercle of the C6 transverse process?
the carotid tubercle
What will cause the remodeling of the anterior tubercle at C6?
the common carotid artery
What will occupy the typical cervical vertebra transverse foramen?
the vertebral artery
vertebral venous plexus
postganglionic sympathetic motor nerve fibers
Recent work suggests what angulation for a typical cervical articular facets?
55 - 60 degrees
What is the orientation of the typical cervical superior articular facet?
Backward Upward Medial
BUM
What muscles will attach to typical cervical articular processes?
the longissimus capitis logissimus cervicis semispinalis capitis semispinalis cervicis multifidis rotators
What muscles blend with the capsular ligament of cervical zygapophyses?
the semispinalis capitis
multifidis
rotator longus
What modifications of the synovial joint are observed in the cervical spine?
meniscoidal folds
What function will meniscoidal folds provide in cervical zygapophyses?
they are assumed to distribute pressure across the joint surface
The greatest range of flexion - extension among the typical cervical vertebrae occurs at which vertebral couple?
C5/C6
What motions are coupled in the cervical spine?
lateral bending
axial rotation
Ranges of coupled motion among the typical cervical vertebrae will be similar for what cervical vertebral couples?
C2/C3
C3/C4
C4/C5
Ranges of coupled motion among the typical cervical vertebrae will begin to decrease at what cervical vertebral couple?
C5/C6 vertebral couple
What muscles may attach to the typical cervical spinous processes?
spinalis cervicis semispinalis cervicis semispinalis thoracis multifidis rotators interspinalis
What will form the unique anterior boundary of a typical cervical intervertebral foramen?
the uncinate process of the segment below
lateral groove of the segment above
forms the joint of Luschka
What is the orientation of the typical cervical inferior articular facet?
Forward Lateral Downward
FoLD
