Exam 1 - Cells, Matrix, Ossification, Bone Density, Bone Variation

Question 1

What are the four basic tissues of the basic tissues of the human body?

Answer 1

Epithelial
Muscle
Neural
Connective Tissue

Question 2

What is the function of each type of bone cell?

Answer 2

Osteoblast - form bone
Osteocyte - maintain or nurture bone
Osteoclast - remodel bone

Question 3

What are the bone cells embedded in?

Answer 3

An amorphous matrix consisting of ground substance, protein fibers, and various minerals

Question 4

What is the principal type of protein fiber in bone?

Answer 4

collagen type 1

Question 5

What is the most frequently described deposit in bone?

Answer 5

hydroxyapatite

Question 6

What is Wolff’s Law as it pertains to bone?

Answer 6

living tissue will respond to stressors; bone is formed or absorbed in response to various stressors

Question 7

What three responses to “living” bone were stressed in class?

Answer 7

Remodel under stressors
Age
Heal

Question 8

Bone is the embryological derivative of which specific connective tissues?

Answer 8

mesenchyme and/or cartilage

Question 9

What is the name given to the pattern of ossification in mesenchyme?

Answer 9

intramembranous ossification

Question 10

What is the timing for the appearance of intramembranous ossification?

Answer 10

from the second to third month in utero

Question 11

What part of the axial skeletone is primarily formed by intramembranous ossification?

Answer 11

the skull

Question 12

Which bone of the appendicular skeleton is partially formed by intramembranous ossification?

Answer 12

the clavicle

Question 13

What is the name given to the pattern of ossifcation in cartilage?

Answer 13

endochondral ossification

Question 14

What is the time for the appearance of ossification in cartilage?

Answer 14

from the second to fifth month in utero

Question 15

What part of the skull is derived from endochondral ossification?

Answer 15

the chondrocranium

Question 16

What are the names given to the centers of ossification based on time of appearance?

Answer 16

Primary centers of ossification appear before birth

Secondary centeres of ossifcation appear after birth

Question 17

What are the primary sources of variation observed in bone?

Answer 17

sexual dimorphism (gender variation)
ontogenetic variation (growth or age variation)
geographic or population-based variation (ethnic variation)
idiosyncratic variation (individual variation)