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Spinal Anatomy > Exam 1 - Basic Osteology of Vertebral Column > Flashcards

Exam 1 - Basic Osteology of Vertebral Column Flashcards

1
Q

What osseous modification is observed to the front of the antererior arch of C1?

A

the anterior tubercle

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2
Q

What is observed on the back of the anterior arch of C1?

A

the fovea dentis

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3
Q

What attaches behind the anterior arch of C1?

A

the lateral mass

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4
Q

What is the name of the rounded elevation on the medial aspect of the lateral mass of C1?

A

tubercle for the transverse atlantal ligament

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5
Q

What is identified in the midline at at the back of the posterior arch of C1?

A

the posterior tubercle

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6
Q

What superior surface modification of the posterior arch of C1 is present near the lateral mass?

A

groove / sulcus for the vertebral artery

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7
Q

What superior surface modification is present near the posterior tubercle of the posterior arch of C1?

A

the arcuate rim

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8
Q

What attaches to the arcuate rim of the posterior arch of atlas and to the superior articular proces of the lateral mass of atlas?

A

a complete ponticulus posticus

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9
Q

Based on the amount of bony union between the superior articular process and the arcuate rim of C1 what structure will form?

A

an incomplete ponticulus posticus

OR a complete ponticulus posticus

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10
Q

What names are given to the opening formed by the ponticulus posticus

A

arcuate foramen

OR retroarticular canal

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11
Q

What is observed on the undersurface of the posterior arch of C1?

A

the inferior vertebral notch

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12
Q

What is the name given to the anterior part of the transverse process of C1?

A

the costal element

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13
Q

What is the name given to the posterior part of the transverse process of C1?

A

the true transverse process

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14
Q

What is the distal most part of the transverse process of C1?

A

the posterior tubercle

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15
Q

What opening is identified in the transverse process of C1?

A

the transverse foramen

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16
Q

What unique vertebral body modification is characteristic of C2?

A

the dens or odontoid process

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17
Q

What surfaces are present on the odontoid process of C2?

A

facet for fovea dentis
groove for transverse atlantal ligament
attachment sites for the alar ligaments
attachment site for the apical-dental ligament

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18
Q

What feature is identified on the anterior surface of the vertebral body of C2?

A

the longus colli muscle attachment

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19
Q

What feature is identified on the anterior surface of the inferior epiphyseal rim of C2?

A

the anterior lip

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20
Q

What feature is identified on the posterior surface of the inferior epiphyseal rim of C2?

A

the posterior lip

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21
Q

What features are present at the at the lateral margins of the inferior epiphyseal rim?

A

right and left lateral grooves

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22
Q

What lies on the upper surface of the pedicle of C2?

A

the superior articular process

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23
Q

What is the location of the superior vertebral notch of C2?

A

on the lamina-pedicle junction

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24
Q

What feature is identified on the lower surface of the pedicle of C2?

A

the inferior vertebral notch or inferior vertebral incisure

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25
Q

What osseous parts of the typical cervical transverse process are present at C2?

A

costal element
posterior tubercle
true transverse process

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26
Q

What is the characteristic appearance of the C2 spinous process in humans?

A

it is bifid

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27
Q

What are the modifications of the superior epiphyseal rim of a typical cervical?

A

anterior groove
posterior groove
right and left uncinate processes

28
Q

What are the modifications of the inferior epiphyseal rim of a typical cervical?

A

anterior lip
posterior lip
right and lefter lateral grooves

29
Q

What attaches to the posterolateral margin and in the center of a typical cervical vertebral body?

A

the pedicle

30
Q

What surface feature is located at the upper margin of the pedicle?

A

superior vertebral notch

31
Q

What surface feature is located at the lower margin of the pedicle?

A

inferior vertebral notch

32
Q

What bony feature is attached to the posterior end of the pedicle?

A

the articular pillar

33
Q

What is located at the top of the articular pillar?

A

superior articular process

34
Q

The superior process will provide support for for what bone feature?

A

the superior articular facet

35
Q

What is located at the bottom of the articular pillar?

A

the inferior articular process

36
Q

the inferior articular process will provide support for what bone feature?

A

the inferior articular facet

37
Q

What is the name of the surface feature observed between the end of the articular pillar?

A

the groove / sulcus for the dorsal ramus of a cervical spinal nerve

38
Q

What bone feature is attached to the posterior part of the articular pillar?

A

the lamina

39
Q

What ligament attaches to the lamina of typical cervical?

A

ligamentum flavum

40
Q

Ossification of the ligamentum flavum at the attachment site on the lamina will result in what feature?

A

para-articular processes

41
Q

To what parts of the typical cervical vertebra is the transverse process attached?

A

the vertebral body and the articular pillar

42
Q

List, in order, the osseous parts of the typical cervial vertebra transverse process beginning at the vertebral body.

A 
costal element
anterior tubercle
costotransverse bar
posterior tubercle
trye transverse process
43
Q

What is the distal modification of the costal element of a typical cervical vertebra?

A

anterior tubercle

44
Q

What is the distal modification of the true transverse process of typical cervicals?

A

posterior tubercle

45
Q

What bony feature connect the anterior and posterior tubercles of a typical cervical transverse process?

A

costotransverse bar or intertubercular lamella

46
Q

What is the name given to the superior margin of the costotransverse bar?

A

sulcus for the ventral primary ramus of a cervical spinal nerve

47
Q

What is the name given to the modification of the anterior tubercle of the C6 transverse process?

A

the carotid tubercle

48
Q

What is the usual condition for the Caucasion typical cervical spinous process

A

they are bifid

49
Q

What is the usual condition for the African-American typical cervical spinous process?

A

they are nonbifid

50
Q

What is the osseous modification at the distal end of the spinous process?

A

the spinous tubercle

51
Q

What surfaces are present on the superior epiphyseal rim of the vertebral body of C7?

A

anterior groove
posterior groove
right and left uncinate processes

52
Q

What are the osseous parts of the transverse process of C7?

A 
costal element
anterior tubercle
costotransverse bar
posterior tubercle
true transverse process
53
Q

What are the features of the spinous process of C7?

A

long
horizontal
nonbifid

54
Q

What feature will allow discrimination between T2-4 and T5-T8 segmental groups?

A

the vertebral body
transverse process
articular process
spinous process

55
Q

On cranial view, what is the outline of the vertebral bodyfor the T2-T4 group?

A

the vertebral body will have bilaterally convex sides

56
Q

On cranial view, what is the outline of the vertebral bodyfor the t5-T8 group?

A

the left side of the vertebral body will be flattened, the right side convex

57
Q

What is the name given to the left side appearance of the vertebral body of T5-T8?

A

aortic impression

58
Q

What part of the vertebral body is most influenced by the aorta at T5-T8?

A

the left side superior

and inferior epiphyseal rims

59
Q

What synovial joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?

A

the right and left superior and the right and left inferior costal demi-facets

60
Q

Which of the demi-facets on the vertebral body of a typical thoracic is larger?

A

the superior costal demi-facet

61
Q

What is the position and direction of the pedicle from the typical thoracic vertebral body?

A

the pedicle aries from the upper third of the vertebral body and projects posterior and slightly laterally

62
Q

What is the appearance and position of the lamina in a typical thoracic?

A

the lamina is short

broad and thick and lies next to the spinous process

63
Q

How do the transverse diameters of the articular processes compare in the T2-T4 region?

A

the superior articular process transverse diameter is greater than the inferior articular process transverse diameter for a give segment

64
Q

How do the transverse diameters of the articular processes compare in the T5-T8 region?

A

the superior articular process transverse diameter is the same or equal to the inferior articular process transverse diameter for a give segment

65
Q

What is the angulation of the spinous process of T2-T4?

A

the undersurface of T2-T4 spinous processes will angle up to forty degrees from horizontal plane

Spinal Anatomy (21 decks)

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