Exam 2/Quiz 7- Chemical & Physical Processes of Digestion

Question 1

What are the functions of the digestive system?

Answer 1

1. Ingestion
2. Digestion
3. Absorption
4. Elimination

Question 2

What are the two forms of digestions?

Answer 2

1. Mechanical

2. Chemical

Question 3

Where does digestion begin?

Answer 3

Mouth

Question 4

What does mechanical digestion consist of? What structures does it involve?

Answer 4

1. Chewing, Physical breaking up of food

2. Teeth, Tongue, Palate

Question 5

What does chemical digestion consist of? What is an example of it?

Answer 5

1. Breaking down of an organic compound by enzymes

2. Hydrolysis

Question 6

What are 3 things involved in chemical digestion?

Answer 6

1. Salivary glands
2. Lysozyme
3. Salivary amylase

Question 7

What antibody does saliva contain?

Answer 7

IgA

Question 8

What are the 3 salivary glands?

Answer 8

1. Parotid Glands
2. Sublingual Glands
3. Submandibular Glands

Question 9

Lysozyme: _______

Answer 9

Bacteriostatic

Question 10

What is the purpose of salivary amylase?

Answer 10

To digest startch to disaccharide

Question 11

What are the two phases swallowing? (list involuntary/voluntary)

Answer 11

1. Buccal phase (Voluntary)

2. Pharyngeal-esophageal phase (Involuntary)

Question 12

Describe the peristaltic movements of digestion.

Answer 12

Waves of contraction followed by waves of relaxation that squeeze the foodstuffs through the alimentary canal

Question 13

Describe the segmental movements of digestion. What is the purpose of these movements?

Answer 13

1. Local constrictions of the organ wall that occur
   rhythmically
2. Mainly to mix foodstuffs with digestive juices and to increase the rate of absorption

Question 14

What does the inner lining of the stomach have? What do they secrete? What is the purpose of this?

Answer 14

1. Gastric pits and gastric glands
2. Secrete HCl
3. Makes the food more acidic

Question 15

What is pepsin produced by?

Answer 15

Stomach

Question 16

Pepsinogen is converted to _____. This is by the action of ____. Pepsinogen is the ____ ____ of pepsin.

Answer 16

1. pepsin
2. HCL
3. inactive form

Question 17

What is pepsin/function of pepsin?

Answer 17

Pepsin is a protease that breaks down proteins

Question 18

What is gastric juice?

Answer 18

Mixture of HCl and pepsin

Question 19

Partially digested food = ______.

Answer 19

chyme

Question 20

Partially digested food (Chyme) from the stomach enters the ___ ____ via the ____ ____ at the ______.

Answer 20

1. Small Intestine
2. pyloric sphincter
3. Duodenum

Question 21

Small Intestine: Only small in ____ but very _____.

Answer 21

diameter/lengthy

Question 22

What are the 3 parts of the small intestine, and state their length.

Answer 22

1, Duodenum (10in)

2. Jejunum (8ft)
3. Ileum (12ft)

Question 23

Maximum absorption occurs in the SI by the _____ produced and into the SI.

Answer 23

enzymes

Question 24

What are the 3 main features of the inner lining of the small intestine?

Answer 24

1. Plicae circulares (circular folds)
2. Villi
3. Brush border (microvilli)

Question 25

What is the purpose of the 3 main features of the inner lining of the small intestine?

Answer 25

to increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients

Question 26

The pancreas and liver are digestive ____ ____.

Answer 26

accessory organs

Question 27

Source/Function:

Amylases

Answer 27

1. Pancreas

2. Breaks down starch

Question 28

Source/Function:

Trypsin

Answer 28

1. Pancreas

2. Breaks down Proteins

Question 29

Source/Function:

Lipase

Answer 29

1. Pancreas

2. Digest Lipids

Question 30

Source/Function:

HCO3- (bicarbonate)

Answer 30

1. Pancreas

2. Neutralize stomach acid

Question 31

Source/Function:

Bile

Answer 31

1. Liver
2. – Surfactant
   – Emulsification
   – Physically breaks down fat

Question 32

What is a surfactant?

Answer 32

stabilizes emulsion and increases surface area

Question 33

Where is bile temporarily stored?

Answer 33

gall bladder

Question 34

What 4 chemicals does the pancreas produce?

Answer 34

1. Amylases
2. Trypsin
3. Lipase
4. Bicarbonate

Question 35

Enzymes act on _____.

Answer 35

substrates